Toyota Land Cruiser

The Toyota Land Cruiser (Japanese: トヨタ ランドクルーザー Toyota Rando-kurūzā^?) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese car maker Toyota Motor Corporation. It is not related to the Studebaker Land Cruiser car produced in the US from 1934-1954.

Development of the first generation Land Cruiser began in 1951 as Toyota's version of aJeep-like vehicle and production started in 1954. The Land Cruiser has been produced inconvertible, hardtop, station wagon, and utility truck versions. The Land Cruiser's reliability and longevity has led to huge popularity, especially in Australia where it is the best-selling full-size, body-on-frame, four-wheel drive vehicle.^[1] Toyota also extensively tests the Land Cruiser in the Australian outback — considered to be one of the toughest operating environments in both temperature and terrain.^[2][3][4] Main rivals include the Range Rover,Land Rover Discovery, Mitsubishi Pajero and Nissan Patrol.

Contents

Chronology

In 1941 the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines, where they found an old Bantam Mk II, and promptly brought it to Japan. The Japanese military authorities commanded Toyota to make a similar vehicle but to not model the appearance on the American Jeep. The prototype was called the Model AK and was formally adopted by The Japanese Imperial Army as the Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha (四式小型貨物車 type 4 compact cargo-truck ).

Later in 1941 the Japanese government asked Toyota to produce a light truck for the Japan military campaign. Toyota developed a ½ ton prototype called the AK10 in 1942. The AK10 was built using reverse-engineering from the Bantam GP. There are no known surviving photographs of the AK10. The only known pictorial representations are some rough sketches. The truck featured an upright front grille, flat front wheel arches that angled down and back like the FJ40, headlights mounted above the wheel arches on either side of the radiator and a folding windshield.

The AK10 used the 2259 cc, 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan with a three-speed manual transmission and two-speed transfer gearbox connected to it. There is no mechanical relationship between the AK10 and the postwar Toyota "Jeep" BJ. Most of the AK10's were not actively used (unlike the U.S. Jeep) and there are almost no photographs of it in the battlefield.

BJ and FJ

BJ and FJ

Production	1951–1955
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO)
Body style	2-door Softtop
Layout	FR layout
Engine	3.4 L I6 B petrol 3.9 L I6 F petrol
Wheelbase	2,650 mm (104.3 in)

• 1950 - The Korean War created demand for a military light utility vehicle. The war put aJeep on Japan's doorstep. The United States government ordered 100 vehicles with the new Willys specs and Toyota was asked to build them.
• 1951 - The Toyota "Jeep" BJ prototype was developed in January 1951. This came from the demand for military-type utility vehicles, much like the British Land RoverSeries 1 that appeared in 1948. The Jeep BJ was larger than the original U.S. Jeep and more powerful thanks to its Type B 3.4 L six-cylinder OHV Gasoline engine which generated 63 kW (86 PS; 84 hp) at 3600 rpm and 215 N·m (159 lb·ft) torque at 1600 rpm. It had a part-time four-wheel drive system like the Jeep. Unlike the Jeep, however, the Jeep BJ had no low-range transfer case.
• 1951 - In July 1951, Toyota's test driver Ichiro Taira drove the next generation of the Jeep BJ prototype up to the sixth stage of Mount Fuji, the first vehicle to climb that high. The test was overseen by the National Police Agency (NPA). Impressed by this feat, the NPA quickly placed an order for 289 of these offroad vehicles, making the Jeep BJ their official patrol car.
• 1953 - Regular production of the "Toyota Jeep BJ" began at Toyota Honsya Plant (Rolling chassis assembly), and body assembly and painting was done at Arakawa Bankin Kogyo KK, later known as ARACO (now an affiliate of Toyota Auto Body Co.).^[5] The "Toyota Jeep BJ" Series was introduced alongside the following:
  • BJ-T (Touring),
  • BJ-R (Radio),
  • BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).
• 1954 - The name "Land Cruiser" was created by the technical director Hanji Umehara. "In England we had another competitor - Land Rover. I had to come up with a name for our car that would not sound less dignified than those of our competitors. That is why I decided to call it 'Land Cruiser'," he recalls. The name had already been used on the US Studebaker Land Cruiser car from 1934 to 1954 but this didn't cause any problems.
• 1954 - The 93 kW (126 PS; 125 hp), 3.9 L Type F gasoline engine added for the fire-engine chassis. Models are renamed as:
  • BJ-T (Touring),
  • BJ-R (Radio),
  • BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine),
  • FJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

[edit]20 Series

20 Series

• 1955 - The Second generation, 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride thanks to longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 135 PS (99 kW) 3.9 L six-cylinder Type Fgasoline engine, but still only had a three speed gearbox. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range, but it had synchromesh on the third and fourth gears.^{[citation needed]}
• 1958 - The first Station wagon Land Cruiser was introduced with an even longer 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase (the FJ35V; wagon and van). The FJ25 production started in Brazil being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan.
• 1957 - A 4-door Station Wagon was added as the FJ35V. Land Cruisers were first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies. They were the first Japanese cars to be regularly exported to the country^]and a few were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme, by sub contractor Theiss Constructions.

40 Series

40 Series

Also called	Toyota Bandeirante (Brazil) - Toyota Macho (Venezuela)
Production	1960–1984
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan Cumana, Venezuela
Body style	2-door Softtop 2-door Hardtop 2-door pickup truck 4-door Station wagon
Layout	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Engine	3.9 L F I6[9] 4.2 L 2F I6[9] 3.0 L B diesel I4[9] 3.2 L 2B diesel I4 3.4 L 3B diesel I4 3.6 L H diesel I6[9] 4.0 L 2H diesel I6
Wheelbase	2,285 mm (90.0 in) 2,430 mm (95.7 in) 2,650 mm (104.3 in) 2,950 mm (116.1 in)
Length	3,840.5 mm (151.2 in)
Width	1,666.2 mm (65.6 in)
Height	Softtop 1,950.7 mm (76.8 in) Hardtop 2,000 mm (78.8 in)
Curb weight	Softtop 1,480 kg (3,263 lb) Hardtop 1,554 kg (3,427 lb)

Main article: Toyota Land Cruiser 40 Series

• 1960 - The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 93 kW (126 PS; 125 hp), 3.9 L F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing, but continued the three speed main gearbox. The Brazilian model was rebadged the Bandeirante and received a Mercedes-Benz built Diesel engine generating 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp).
• 1965 - Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles.
  The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota in the United States.
• 1968 - The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
• 1972 - The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
• 1973 - The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.
  The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export on long wheelbase models with a six-cylinder H engine^{[citation needed]}.
• 1974 - A four-cylinder 3.0 L B diesel was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact Freight-car category than its 3.9 L gasoline version. Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B gasoline engine used in the original BJ.
• 1975 - The 3.9 L gasoline engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2 L 2F unit.
  The FJ55 received front disc brakes.
  The 3.6 L H diesel engine was optional in some markets in the HJ45.
• 1976 - United States-version FJ40 Land Cruisers received front disc brakes like the FJ55.
  The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.
• 1977 - The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the type tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.
• 1978 - The first BJ / FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40 /55).
• 1979 - United States-version FJ40s were updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights.
  Power steering and cooler were offered in FJ40s for the first time.
  The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2 L 2B only in Japan.
• 1980 - The H diesel engine (HJ45) was replaced by the 4.0 L 2H engine (HJ47).
• 1981 - the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4 L 3Bengine.
• 1983 - the last FJ40s imported to the U.S. were 1983 models (mid 1982 to mid 1983). It is unknown how many were imported by Toyota, but many guess the number to be around 300. 1983 FJ40s typically bring a premium for their rarity, though they are not much different from 1982 models (mid 1981 to mid 1982).

50 Series

50 Series

• 1967 - Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40's Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the "Moose". It has also been referred to as a pig or an iron pig. The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase 2710 mm and was designed to be sold in North America and Australia.
• Jan 1975 saw the F engine replaced by the 2F engine. Unusually for Toyota, the model (e.g. FJ55) did not change.
• Model 56 is in Japan only, with 2F engine ( Jan. 1975 - Jul. 1980 ).

[edit]60 Series

60 Series

Also called	Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)
Production	1980–1990
Assembly	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO) Cumana,Venezuela
Body style	4-door station wagon
Layout	Front engine, four-wheel drive
Engine	3.4 L I4 3B diesel 3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo 4.2 L I6 2F petrol 4.0 L I6 3F petrol 4.0 L I6 2H diesel 4.0 L I6 12H-T diesel turbo
Transmission	4-speed manual H41F or H42F 4-speed automatic A440F 5-speed manual H55F (non-US)
Wheelbase	2,730 mm (107.5 in)
Length	4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Width	1,800 mm (70.9 in)
Height	1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The Land Cruiser 60 series was produced from 1980 through 1990. It is a front engine, four door wagon which can seat five to eight^{[citation needed]} people. Like all Land Cruisers generations, it is well known in the off-roading community for its off-road capabilities but was somewhat limited by its poor departure angle.^{[citation needed]} The 60 series was offered in the following solid exterior colors: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colors: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver.

• 1980 - The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60's "2F" petrol engine was left unchanged from the "40" series while six-cylinder 4.0 L 2H and four-cylinder 3.4 L3B diesel engines were added to the product line.
• 1981 - Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 series was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.
• 1984 - This was the final year for the 40 series. Specialist suppliers of aftermarket parts and restorers who return old FJ40s to better-than-new condition replaced Toyota dealers as the main source of Land Cruiser expertise.
• 1984 - Alongside the 60 series, the 70 series was introduced.
• 1985 - The Direct-injection 12H-T and 13B-T turbodiesel engines were introduced.
• 1988 - The petrol engine was upgraded to a 4.0 L 3F-E EFI engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.

Toyota Land Cruiser post-facelift (US)   1981–1987 Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ60; Australia)   1987–1990 Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ62RG) GX (Australia)

70 Series

70 Series

Main article: Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series

• 1984 - 70 Series was introduced. 70Heavy as a soft-top, hard-top, FRP top, utility, cab-chassis, and Troop Carrier (inward facing rear seats).The petrol engine was replaced with a 4.0 L 3F engine. The 70 Light had a four-wheel coil spring solid-axle suspension for better ride quality. This lighter duty version of the Land Cruiser had the 22R 2.4 Lgasoline engine, 2L and 2L-T ( turbo ) 2.4 L diesel engines commonly found in theToyota Hilux. The 70 Light was sold in some markets as the Bundera or theLandcruiser II, later called 70 Prado. The 70 Prado eventually became popular and evolved into the 90. An automatic transmission (A440F) was introduced making it the first four-wheel drive Japanese vehicle with an automatic transmission.
• 1990 - New-generation diesel engines were introduced including a five-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1PZ),and a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1 HZ).
• 1993 to 1996 - the KZ 3.0 L turbocharged diesel engine replaced the LJ in the 70 series in European markets where this model was known as the KZJ70.
• 1993 - An advanced 24-valve, 4.5 L six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced.
• 1999 - Toyota updated the 70 series in several ways. The solid front axle received coil-spring suspension. The rear leaf springs were lengthened for increased ride comfort and wheel travel. The six-bolt wheels were replaced with five-bolt wheels. Several smaller modifications to the drivetrain provided increased durability. The long-wheel-base models received new designations: 78 for the troop carrier, and 79 for the pick-up.
• 2002 - HDJ79 is introduced to Australia with the 1HD-FTE 4.2 L six-cylinder 24-valveturbodiesel EFI engine.
• 2007 - Toyota's first turbodiesel V8 engine, the 1VD-FTV was released in some countries for the 70 Series Land Cruiser. Other modifications include the addition of a 4-door medium-wheel-base model (the 76) and a significantly altered front look on all models.
• The Sixth and Seventh generations of the Land Cruiser are still being produced and sold in African and Latin American regions. Production in Venezuela ended in 2008.
• The 70 series is also still marketed in Australia as 4-door wagon, 2-door 'Troop Carrier' and 2-door cab-chassis.

BJ74 Mid wheelbase FRP-top 3.4D-T LX (Japan)   HZJ75LV Troop Carrier 4.2D   HZJ79R Cab-chassis 4.2D   New South Wales Rural Fire Service Toyota Land Cruiser Personnel carrier

80 Series

80 Series

The Land Cruiser 80 series was introduced in late 1989. It had swing-out back doors, which were replaced by a winch door in 1995. The Land Cruiser was nicknamed the Burbuja (Bubble) in Colombia and Venezuela due to its roundness, but it was officially released as Land Cruiser Autana in both countries. The name is a reference to the Tepuimesa Autana, a spectacular plateau & cave system along the Guiana Shield craton. Land Cruiser sales reached 2 million vehicles.

• 1990 - The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60 series. All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.
• 1990 - A new generation of diesel engines were introduced, adding to the engines available in the 80 series. The 80 series came with either a (3F-E) six-cylinder naturally aspirated petrol engine, a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated diesel engine, (1HZ),or a 1HD-T direct injection turbo diesel.
• 1991 - By mid 1991 the (3F-E) was introduced to the Australian market, a fuel injected version of the 3F.
• 1993 - An advanced 24-valve, 4.5 L six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced. Larger brakes were added from October 1992 and the total wheelbase was made slightly longer.Front and rear axle lockers (code k294) appeared as an option. The High Pinion Electric Locking front differential become available in US models.
• 1994 - A limited edition Land Cruiser Blue Marlin FZJ80R was introduced into the Australian market. They have 4.5 L straight 6 petrol motors with double overhead cams, automatic or manual transmission and 158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4600 rpm. The car is blue from the Blue Marlin fish and they have the Blue Marlin logo throughout the car. Some of the features that the Blue Marlin included were altimeters, power windows, disk brakes, leather gear knob and steering wheel, central locking, leather trim, chrome handles and sidesteps, 16" alloy wheels, limited slip diff, ABS (antilock brakes), power steering, CD and cassette players, flares and a limited edition bull bar. Only 500 were made.
• 1995 - Driver and passenger airbags were introduced as were adjustable shoulder-belt anchors and an anti-lock braking system. The "T O Y O T A" badge was replaced with the modern Toyota logo (which is sometimes described as a "bean with a hat" aka "the sombrero").
• 1996 - In the Dakar Rally, a pair of Land Cruisers finished first and second in the unmodified production class. All American and British 80s adopted anti-lock brakes and airbags as standard equipment. The Land Cruiser was withdrawn from Canada this year and was replaced by the Lexus LX 450.
• 1997 - A limited run of Land Cruiser 80s was built specifically for collectors and therefore called the Land Cruiser Collector's Edition. The Collectors Edition sported Collectors Edition badging, "Collector's Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, wheels with the "D" windows painted dark grey and special grey side moldings, and black pearl badging. The Collectors Edition was only available for the 1997 model year and the package was added to many of the available body colors.
• 1997 - 4744 FZJ80 Land Cruisers were sold in the United States as "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" models. They were available in 2 colours; Antique Sage Pearl (Often referred to as Riverrock, Pewter or Grey) and Emerald Green. The 40th Anniversary models included apron badges, a serial number badge on the centre console, black pearl exterior badges, "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, two-tone tan and brown leather interiors and wheels with the "D" windows painted dark gray. Many were manufactured with the optional electric front and rear locking differentials, keyless entry, port-installed roof racks and running boards. There are some examples that did not have many of these extras. This is the last year for the electric locking front differentials.
• 2008 - Last 80-Series vehicle was built in Venezuela which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1997.

Land Cruiser with swing-out back-doors (HZJ81V; Japan)   1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser (US)   1995-1998 Toyota Land Cruiser (HZJ80R) GXL (Australia)

[edit]90 Series

90 Series

Also called	Toyota Merú (Venezuela, 2-door)[11]
Production	1996–2002

Main article: Toyota Land Cruiser Prado

• 1996 - Alongside the 70 and 80, the 90 Prado was added. The 90 Prado was made byTahara Plant, available as a 3-door short wheelbase and 5-door long wheelbase version with either the 5VZ-FE petrol engine (24-valve six-cylinder, 3.4 L), the 3RZ-FS (four-cylinder 2.7 L) petrol engine or the 1KZ-TE turbodiesel (four-cylinder 3.0 L) and 5.0 L diesel (four-cylinder 3.0 L).
• 90=Short wheelbase
• 95=Long wheelbase

[edit]100 Series

100 Series

In April 1998, the 100 series Land Cruiser was introduced to replace the 8-year-old 80 series.

There are two distinct versions of the 100-series, the 100 and the 105. The two versions look very similar, but there are significant differences under the bodywork. Despite these differences and official model names, both the 100 and 105 are collectively known as the100 series.

The 105 carried over the majority of its chassis and powertrain from the 80-series with coil suspended solid axles front and rear, and straight-6 petrol and diesel engines. These models were only sold in African, Australian and South American markets.

The 100 models were fitted with a slightly wider chassis, independent front suspension(IFS) and two new engines. The change to IFS was a first for a Land Cruiser, and was made (in combination with rack-and-pinion steering) to improve on-road handling. However it also limited the vehicle’s off-road capability and durability, hence the decision to offer the solid axle 105 models alongside the IFS 100 models in some markets. The table below identifies the range of 100 and 105 models and their worldwide availability.

Although the 100 and 105 bodies are identical, there are some exterior visual indications between the two. The most obvious is the front end of the vehicle often appearing lower than the rear on the 100 models, due to the IFS. The other indicator is the design of the wheels. The 100 models have almost flat wheel designs, while he 105 models have dished wheels. This difference allows the two versions to retain similar wheel tracks, even though the 100 has a significantly wider axle track to allow for the IFS system.

The introduction of a V8 engine was also a first for a Land Cruiser, and was specifically intended to improve sales in the North-American market, where it was the only engine available. In Australia, the 100 V8 was initially only available in the range-topping GXV model, while entry and mid-range models were the 105 powered by the 1FZ-FE I6 petrol, or1Hz diesel engines. The new 1HD-FTE turbo-diesel 100 was added to the Australian range in October 2000 after being available in Europe and the UK since launch in 1998. The 4WD media in Australia were critical of Toyota’s decision to offer the acclaimed 1HD-FTE engine only in combination with IFS. Australian 4WD Monthly magazine said "We will never forgive Toyota for going independent at the front with the mighty 4.2 turbo-diesel".

The 100 series formed the basis for the Lexus LX 470, which was also sold in Japan as the Toyota Cygnus.

The 100 series was called the Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK and Ireland from 1998 to 2003.

In 2000, Toyota celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Land Cruiser with commemorative models offered in several countries. Total global production to date was 3.72 million vehicles.

The 100 series remained in production until late 2007, with several minor facelifts such as headlights, taillights, front grill, rear spoiler and specification changes introduced over the years.

Variants

Designation	Engine	Power	Torque	Availability
HZJ105	1HZ 4.2 L diesel I6	96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) at 3,800 rpm	271 N·m (200 ft·lb) at 2,200 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Middle East, South America
FZJ105	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4,600 rpm	373 N·m (275 ft·lb) at 3,200 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Middle East, South America
FZJ100	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4,600 rpm	373 N·m (275 ft·lb) at 3,200 rpm	Middle East
UZJ100	2UZ-FE 4.7 L petrol V8	170 kW (231 PS; 228 hp) at 4,800 rpm	410 N·m (302 ft·lb) at 3,400 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Japan, Middle East, North America, UK
HDJ1001	1HD-T 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	123 kW (167 PS; 165 hp) at 3,600 rpm	352 N·m (260 ft·lb) at 2,000 rpm	Africa, South America
HDJ1002	1HD-FTE 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	150 kW (204 PS; 201 hp) at 3,400 rpm	430 N·m (317 ft·lb) at 1,400 rpm	Australia*, Europe, Japan, UK

*This engine not released in Australia until 2000.

Known problems and issues

The 100-series is generally considered a durable and reliable vehicle, however there have been three known issues identified, generally for vehicles operating in harsh conditions:

• The IFS 100-series gained a reputation for front suspension failures in operating conditions where the front suspension was prone to hitting the bump stops. Several companies produce strengthened lower wishbones to eliminate cracks developing.
• Both IFS 100 and Live-axle 105 models have been reported as suffering from broken front differential centres when driven in harsh conditions. The most common front differential failures in IFS models are reported in vehicles produced between mid 1997 and mid 1999 (i.e. the model years 1998 and 1999), when Toyota fitted the 100 Series IFS with a 2-pinion front differential (the pinion gear would flex away from the ring gear under shock loads). In 1999 (model year 2000) the IFS Landcruiser received a 4-pinion front differential that was more robust and less failures reported.^{[citation needed]}
• The 2UZ-FE (the only engine available in North America) has log-style exhaust manifolds that were prone to crack and create a "ticking" sound during a cold start. The crack is usually the size of a human hair and would subside shortly after the engine is started as the manifold heats up and closes the gap. There were enough complaints to create a TSB (Technical Service Bulletin) but not enough cases to issue a recall.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

• 1998 Australian 4WD Monthly 4×4 of the Year (FZJ105)
• 1999 Australian 4WD Monthly 4×4 of the Year (FZJ105)
• 2000 Australian 4WD Monthly 4×4 of the Year (FZJ105)
• 2000 Bushdriver Magazine 4WD Wagon of the Year (HDJ100)
• 2001 4×4 Australia Magazine 4WD of the Year (HDJ100)

2002–2005 Toyota Land Cruiser (UZJ100R) GXL (Australia)   2002–2005 Toyota Land Cruiser (UZJ100R) Sahara (Australia)   2000 Toyota Land Cruiser HZJ105 (Australia)   2000 Toyota Land Cruiser HZJ105 in the Australian outback   Toyota Land Cruiser FZJ105 in a competition event   Toyota Land Cruiser HZJ105 in the Sahara desert (Africa)

[edit]200 Series

200 Series

The Toyota Land Cruiser was redesigned in late 2007. Known as the 200 Series, it shares the Lexus LX 570's platform and overall design. The frame was all new, derived from the second-generation Tundra^{[citation needed]} but shortened and strengthened by 20 percent. Bigger brake rotors and calipers were added and the front suspension was made heavier duty than the Land Cruiser's first effort at IFS in the 100-series and this underbelly is also protected by skid plates. Also, the roof pillars were totally redesigned to better protect occupants in the event of a rollover.

The 200 Series encountered some criticism due to its bland body restyling, with some^[who?] claiming that Toyota has 'overdeveloped' the classic trademarked Land Cruiser identity in its efforts to fit the Land Cruiser into modern 21st century motoring and vehicle design. While Toyota is guilty of playing it safe with the styling, ever-increasing crash regulations and a demand for creature comforts have played their parts. Nonetheless, the Land Cruiser remains the NATO vehicle of choice and remains a very serious off-roader, though despite improvements it falls short of the Range Rover as regards interior finish and on-road dynamics.^{[citation needed]}

The vehicle entered production in September 2007 and was available for sale from September or November, depending on country . It became available in Venezuela for sale early in November under the local nickname of "Roraima" (taken from Mount Roraima in Guyana). Early reliability has proved excellent.

The 200 Series, offered numerous features and upgrades over its predecessor not limited to the cosmetic changes made to the body and interior, including:

• Smart Entry - A sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to simply touch the door handle to open it.
• Smart Start - Start/Stop push button for ignition; a key is not required.
• 4-zone climate control on Sahara models, with outlet vents increased from 18 to 28
• 10 airbags (VX & Sahara)
• Stronger and lighter frame

Various driver assist technologies not offered on previous models including:

• CRAWL; a four-wheel drive control system that operates like an off-road cruise control, automatically maintaining a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle.
• Downhill Assist Control
• A newly developed ABS system, the multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)
• Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), allows for greater wheel articulation
• An optional rear view camera (VX)
• Leather seats are available in full option (VX)

Engine and transmission improvements include:

• An all new optional V8 diesel engine, the Toyota VD engine (a twin-turbo version of the engine used in the 70 Series since 2007).
• Automatic transmission standard across all levels of trim of the 200 Series, 5-speed manual transmission is offered only with the 4.0 L GX models (in selected regions). A five-speed automatic gearbox is assigned to the 4.7 L petrol models, while the 4.5 L diesel models receive a six-speed automatic.

In Japan, the Land Cruiser had a minor change in 2009 when it received the 4.6 L V8 1UR-FE engine and the gearbox was replaced with a 6-speed automatic. Although the new 4608 cc 1UR-FE is smaller than the old 4663 cc 2UZ-FE engine, the power has been increased from 212 to 234 kW (288 to 318 PS; 284 to 314 hp), torque increased from 448 to 460 N·m (330 to 339 ft·lb) and fuel consumption improved from 6.6 to 7.1 km/L (19 to 20 mpg_-imp; 16 to 17 mpg_-US) (Japan 10·15 mode measurement).

In Oceania, the 200 Series is offered in three different levels of trim: GX-R, VX and Sahara.

In North America, the Land Cruiser 200 series is offered only with the 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 petrol engine producing 284 kW (386 PS; 381 hp) and 544 N·m (401 ft·lb) of torque channeled through a 6-speed automatic. Beige or gray leather is standard, as are 14-airbags and a 14 speaker JBL sound system. The only wheel choice is 18" allowing a lot of sidewall so the vehicle can be driven off-road without modification though a more aggressive tread pattern is advised for deep mud. It comes in only one trim level with only one major option - which is the Upgrade Package, which adds a rear screen, small spoiler and heated rear seats among other minor items. There is no Active Height Control for longevity and no xenon headlights, so the lights can be repaired by the user if necessary. The KDSS suspension allows massive amounts of wheel articulation and with automatic sway bar disconnect the Land Cruiser is able to boast an RTI score (550) more than 12 times that of the same-year Ford Explorer (45).