Choose a car.
SUVs and pick-ups are poor choices for first-time drivers — especially SUVs and trucks without 4WD. They tend to be light in the rear (because the weight of the engine/driveline is concentrated up front) and so have a tendency to fishtail during panic stops or when the road is slick. You can crutch this somewhat by loading up the bed (or cargo area) with a few hundred pounds of dead weight — or by springing for an SUV or pick-up that has 4WD. But even with 4WD, pick-ups and SUVs are inherently less stable, more tipsy, take longer to stop — and are thus more dangerous for a just-minted teenaged driver. It’s better to learn the essentials in a car before moving to a specialty vehicle of any type — whether it’s a pick-up, SUV or sports car.
* Choose a larger car.
Bigger and heavier is inherently safer — especially in the event of a crash into a fixed object (such as a tree) or with a larger vehicle (such as an SUV). Larger cars offer more built-in occupant protection because they’re able to absorb more force than smaller, lighter cars. Vehicles in the full and mid-sized category tend to score much better in crash testing than cars in the compact and smaller categories. Avoid subcompact-sized cars — even if they do get better gas mileage. A very small car like a Toyota Yaris or Honda Civic coupe stands little chance when T-boned by a Suburban.
* Choose a car that’s in good overall shape.
Basic reliability can be as important as basic safety. You don’t want your kid learning the hard way about bald tires, bad brakes, shot shocks and a worn out suspension. Whatever car you end up buying, take the time to make certain it is mechanically sound and completely roadworthy. Have a reputable shop or mechanic give it a thorough once over — and fix anything that needs fixing. Leave the broken down el-cheapo special “beater” for your son or daughter’s next car.
Other Articles You Might Like:
When A Good Crash Test Score Really Isn’t So Great
2011 Nissan Maxima Review
2012 Mitsubishi Lancer Ralliart Review
The 16 Most Fuel-Efficient New Cars
Cost Is No Object When It’s For Our Own Good
* Choose a car without a wing, hood scoop, loud exhaust or powerful engine.
Teens being teens, few have the judgment to resist being egged-on by other teens to “see what it’ll do.” If it looks fast or sounds fast you can bet they’ll want to see just how fast it really is. And the end result is often tragic. Just as new pilots don’t start out in F-18s, new drivers should be kept away from cars with capabilities beyond their limited experience. V-8s and powerful V-6s should be off the menu, period — but be careful about four-cylinder powered cars, too. Some modern four-cylinder engines have turbochargers and other power-adders that make them as or even more powerful than the V-8 muscle cars of the ’60s and ’70s.
Also keep in mind that you/you teen will pay much less to insure a basic sedan or wagon vs. anything “sporty” or powerful.
* If you do choose a small car, be sure it has multiple air bags.
Air bags protect against impact forces in a crash — and are particularly valuable in smaller vehicles as they compensate to some extent for smaller size and weight. If you must buy a smaller car, try and find one with both frontal and side-impact/curtain air bags as they will dramatically improve the survivability/crashworthiness of a smaller car, especially if it’s hit from the side by a larger vehicle.
* Choose a car with a manual transmission.
In some European countries, a license applicant must take his or her driver’s test in a car with a manual transmission. The reasoning is that a person who has mastered starting a car on a hill without stalling or rolling backward, who knows how to smoothly engage the right gear at the right time to safely merge into traffic and so on — has probably mastered the basic skills necessary to be a safe driver.
Modern cars are deceptively easy to “drive” in the sense of getting them going — and going very fast, too. Almost any 10-year-old could physically put the key in the ignition, move the handle from “Park” to “Drive” — and floor it right through the closed garage door and straight into your kitchen. Operating a manual transmission, on the other hand, is a skill that takes time to develop and which imparts respect for the skill it takes to do so competently. Learning to drive on a stickshift car is a great training tool that will help your teen become a better — and therefore safer — driver.
Bonus: a car with a manual transmission is usually capable of better fuel economy and is typically cheaper to buy, too.
* Choose FWD or AWD over RWD.
Front-drive cars (FWD) and all-wheel-drive cars (AWD) have better traction in rain and snow and so are more controllable than a rear-drive (RWD) car. Rear-drive cars also have a tendency to oversteer (tail out) when they begin to slide out of control — while front-drive cars tend to understeer (the front of the car “plows”), which is easier for the novice driver to deal with. If you must go with a rear-drive car, try and pick one that comes with some form of electronic traction control to limit wheelspin on slippery surfaces and ideally, an electronic stability control system — which uses the anti-lock brakes to keep the vehicle on course when it would otherwise begin to slip out of control.
Lastly and perhaps most importantly — do all you can teach your teen driver to drive with respect for others and to obey common sense as much as the letter of the law.
For example, “speeding” is considered by some to be the Primal Sin of driving; but tailgating can be more dangerous and likely to result in a wreck — even though cops don’t pay nearly as much attention to it as they do to drivers doing a a few MPH over the posted limit.
If you can afford it, consider enrolling your teen in a car control/vehicle dynamics/accident avoidance course such as those offered by Bob Bondurant, Skip Barber or other professional driving schools. These courses explain what happens during emergency situations — such as panic stopping or an abrupt swerve to avoid and obstacle on the road — and how to handle them — in a safe, controlled environment.
Thursday, 29 December 2011
Buying your first car
Buying your first car
Buying your first car can be a daunting experience. But whether you’re looking for a car that looks good, is fun to drive, easy to park or that’s just cheap to insure, there’s a first car to suit everybody’s wants and needs.
From the classy VW Golf to the ubiquitous Vauxhall Corsa, here are our top ten first cars for under £1,500.
Ford Focus | Peugeot 206 | Volkswagen Golf | Ford Ka | Volkswagen Polo
Seat Ibiza | Vauxhall Corsa | Ford Fiesta | Toyota Yaris | Renault Clio
Full gallery: first cars for £1,500
First cars for £1,500
Ford Focus
Ford FocusThe Ford Focus made a huge impact in the UK when it was introduced in 1998. With its evergreen looks, range of punchy engines and plenty of choice on the used car market, it’s an obvious choice for anybody on a budget.
A revised Focus was introduced in 2001 with a new grille and sleeker bumpers – this version is more desirable so you might have to shop around to find the one that’s right for you.
Avoid under-powered 1.4-litre petrol versions and opt for the 1.6-litre engine – this offers a good mix of performance and efficiency, as well as reasonable insurance costs.
As you would expect, reliability is generally good but there have been reports of suspension issues, especially on higher mileage models. Make sure the electrics all work as they should and if it’s an automatic, check that each gear engages smoothly and easily.
Our pick: 2000 Ford Focus 1.6 Zetec (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Ford Focus>>
Peugeot 206
Peugeot 206The Peugeot 206 is one of the best-looking superminis around. Its popularity as a new car means there is plenty of choice on the used car market, with prices starting from as little as £400.
Though the 206 has one of the worst driving positions in its class, it does have a good range of engines to choose from, reasonable cabin- and boot-space and a design that’s aged well, despite a life-span of more than 10 years without significant change.
Fuel economy is generally good, with most petrols capable of at least 40mpg while diesel versions should top 50mpg. Avoid entry-level models as they are very poorly equipped.
Things to look out for include the electrics, as central locking failure is common. But there are more than 5,700 used Peugeot 206s for sale on Auto Trader so shop around to find the right one for you.
Our pick: 2001 Peugeot 206 1.1 LX (Insurance group: 3)
Find a used Peugeot 206>>
Volkswagen Golf
Volkswagen GolfThe Mark IV Volkswagen Golf – introduced in 1997 and replaced in 2006 – is an obvious choice for anybody looking for a reliable, spacious and comfortable hatchback. They hold their value very well so you’ll be looking at a slightly older version to stick within the £1,500 budget.
The choice of engines may be a little confusing but the best bet are the 1.9-litre TDI diesel and punchy yet frugal 1.6-litre petrol versions. Cabin and trim quality is good but you might need to shop around to get the equipment levels you want – SE models come with air conditioning and front and rear electric windows.
Used values are strong thanks to VW’s image and its legendary build quality. Running costs are very low as are repair bills. Although reliability is generally good, make sure you check that yours has been well looked after – check all electrical equipment work as they should.
Our pick: 2001 Volkswagen Golf 1.6 SE (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Volkswagen Golf>>
Ford Ka
Ford KaThe Ford Ka – the manufacturer’s quirky-looking baby – has become somewhat of an icon since its launch in 1996. Its combination of characterful design, fun handling and low running costs have proved particularly popular with new drivers.
The 1.3-litre engine offers decent power but is rough and not particularly economical. Overall the whole package feels very old compared to newer rivals but if it’s fun, affordable mobility you’re after, the Ka is an excellent choice.
Mechanically the Ka is very reliable and strong, but look out for possible suspension issues, so bounce each corner and listen for any clunking noises. With more than 4,000 used Ford Kas for sale on Auto Trader you can afford to shop around for your perfect car.
Our pick: 2003 Ford Ka 1.3i Collection (Insurance group: 3)
Find a used Ford Ka>>
Volkswagen Polo
Volkswagen PoloThe Volkswagen Polo is an obvious choice for anybody in the market for a reliable and good-looking supermini. Polos hold their value very well so you’ll be looking at a slightly older version to stick within the £1,500 budget.
Choose from:
• 1994 – 2002
This version of the Polo may not be the most fun to drive and the smaller petrol engines are underpowered. But running costs are reasonable, it’s comfortable to drive and it’s reliable. We’d choose either the eager 1.4 16v petrol or the super frugal, if slightly noisy 1.4 TDI diesel.
• 2002 – 2005
You’ll have to hunt around if you want a post-2002 Polo within this budget. But it is a safe bet, with a cushy ride, sleek if dull interior, VW build-quality and a range of petrol and diesel engines. Gearboxes are a known weakness so ensure gears engage smoothly and easily.
Used values are strong thanks to the little VW’s image and its legendary build quality. Running costs are very low as are repair bills. And while there are few better built superminis out there, make sure you check that yours has been well looked after.
Our pick: 2001 Volkswagen Polo 1.4 SE (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Volkswagen Polo>>
Seat Ibiza
Seat IbizaThe Seat Ibiza has become increasingly popular in the UK, thanks to its youthful good-looks, strong engines and build-quality.
Choose from:
• 1999 – 2002
The pre-2002 may lack the curvy good-looks we’ve become to expect from the Spanish car maker but it is very well-built, spacious and comes with a decent choice of engines. It’s also quite rare which makes it a highly desirable first car.
• 2002 – 2006
The new model introduced in 2002 gained a stylish new look, a range of punchy engines and a sporty, if rather firm ride. Best of all, every model comes well-equipped – SE models even come with alloy wheels. Opt for the powerful yet frugal 1.2-litre petrol and you can expect to return 50mpg.
Reliability is generally good but there have been reports of transmission or electrical faults so make sure you check any potential buy thoroughly.
Our pick: 2002 Seat Ibiza 1.2-litre 12v SE 5dr (Insurance group: 3)
Find a used Seat Ibiza>>
Vauxhall Corsa
Vauxhall CorsaWith more than 1.7 million searches on Auto Trader last month, the Vauxhall Corsa is the most searched for used supermini.
There are two main types of Corsa available in this budget – if you want a newer model you might have to opt for a higher mileage, under-powered 1-litre engine or lower trim level.
• Pre 2000
There is a wide range of engines – from an underpowered 1-litre three-cylinder up to a brisk 1.8-litre unit in the sporty SRI – and there’s plenty of choice available from as little as £200
• 2000-2006
A new better-looking Corsa was introduced in 2000. This version benefits from a good sized boot, plenty of room for four adults and a range of economical engines. There have been reports of steering rack problems so make sure you check for smooth steering, with no unusual noises, before handing over your money.
There are plenty to choose from, keeping prices down and parts costs low. Expect to pay a premium for more practical five-door versions and better-equipped models.
Our pick: 2001 Vauxhall Corsa 1.2 16v Club 5dr (Insurance group: 2)
Find a used Vauxhall Corsa>>
Ford Fiesta
Ford FiestaThere’s a reason the Ford Fiesta is one of the most popular cars in the UK: it’s well-built, good-looking and fun. Whether you’re more concerned about reliability or space and looks, there’s a Fiesta to suit your needs:
• 1995 – 2002
A 10 to 15-year-old Fiesta is one of the cheapest cars to run but it’s still fun to drive, has a generous boot and plenty of choice. They may not be the plushest of cars but there are bargains to be had, from as little as £200. Check any potential buy thoroughly – its popularity as a first car means neglect is common.
• 2002 – 2008
In 2002 the Fiesta gained a sleeker look, extra room and new frugal engines. It benefits from a strong reliability record, good handling and a comfortable ride. Most petrol engines are capable of at least 40mpg, while diesels stretch to 60mpg. You’ll have to opt for a model with a higher mileage to stick within the £1,500 budget but there are plenty of deals to be had.
Our pick: 2001 Ford Fiesta 1.25 Zetec (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Ford Fiesta>>
Toyota Yaris
Toyota YarisThe Toyota Yaris’ pert styling, low running costs and bulletproof reliability have kept its used prices higher than some of its rivals, but it’s still possible to find a decent one for the money. It was introduced in 1999, redesigned in 2003 and replaced in 2005 – and you’ll be looking at an earlier model for this budget.
The interior is even more unusual than the exterior, with a large digital read-out dominating the centre of the dash, with plenty of useful cubby holes dotted around. Rear seat and boot space is tight, and it’s not as practical as some of its competitors.
The engines run like clockwork and overall running costs are very low. The only major reliability gripes are with the transmission – gearboxes can become whiney, while clutches wear quickly if the car spends most of its time in stop-start traffic.
Our pick: 2000 Toyota Yaris 1.3 VVTi GS 5dr (Insurance group: 5)
Find a used Toyota Yaris>>
Renault Clio
Renault ClioThe evergreen Renault Clio – introduced in 1998, refreshed in 2001 and replaced in 2005 – is stylish, well-equipped and cheap to run. Taller occupants will find the interior slightly cramped and the driving position is uncomfortable no matter what your size.
The revised version introduced in 2001 is the best bet, with its range of new engines, added equipment and an improved interior. There are plenty to choose from so you should be able to find your ideal car.
Make sure common electrical and suspension issues have been fixed under the manufacturer’s warranty, which should be recorded in the service history.
Our pick: 2001 Renault Clio 1.2 16v Expression (Insurance group: 3)
Buying your first car can be a daunting experience. But whether you’re looking for a car that looks good, is fun to drive, easy to park or that’s just cheap to insure, there’s a first car to suit everybody’s wants and needs.
From the classy VW Golf to the ubiquitous Vauxhall Corsa, here are our top ten first cars for under £1,500.
Ford Focus | Peugeot 206 | Volkswagen Golf | Ford Ka | Volkswagen Polo
Seat Ibiza | Vauxhall Corsa | Ford Fiesta | Toyota Yaris | Renault Clio
Full gallery: first cars for £1,500
First cars for £1,500
Ford Focus
Ford FocusThe Ford Focus made a huge impact in the UK when it was introduced in 1998. With its evergreen looks, range of punchy engines and plenty of choice on the used car market, it’s an obvious choice for anybody on a budget.
A revised Focus was introduced in 2001 with a new grille and sleeker bumpers – this version is more desirable so you might have to shop around to find the one that’s right for you.
Avoid under-powered 1.4-litre petrol versions and opt for the 1.6-litre engine – this offers a good mix of performance and efficiency, as well as reasonable insurance costs.
As you would expect, reliability is generally good but there have been reports of suspension issues, especially on higher mileage models. Make sure the electrics all work as they should and if it’s an automatic, check that each gear engages smoothly and easily.
Our pick: 2000 Ford Focus 1.6 Zetec (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Ford Focus>>
Peugeot 206
Peugeot 206The Peugeot 206 is one of the best-looking superminis around. Its popularity as a new car means there is plenty of choice on the used car market, with prices starting from as little as £400.
Though the 206 has one of the worst driving positions in its class, it does have a good range of engines to choose from, reasonable cabin- and boot-space and a design that’s aged well, despite a life-span of more than 10 years without significant change.
Fuel economy is generally good, with most petrols capable of at least 40mpg while diesel versions should top 50mpg. Avoid entry-level models as they are very poorly equipped.
Things to look out for include the electrics, as central locking failure is common. But there are more than 5,700 used Peugeot 206s for sale on Auto Trader so shop around to find the right one for you.
Our pick: 2001 Peugeot 206 1.1 LX (Insurance group: 3)
Find a used Peugeot 206>>
Volkswagen Golf
Volkswagen GolfThe Mark IV Volkswagen Golf – introduced in 1997 and replaced in 2006 – is an obvious choice for anybody looking for a reliable, spacious and comfortable hatchback. They hold their value very well so you’ll be looking at a slightly older version to stick within the £1,500 budget.
The choice of engines may be a little confusing but the best bet are the 1.9-litre TDI diesel and punchy yet frugal 1.6-litre petrol versions. Cabin and trim quality is good but you might need to shop around to get the equipment levels you want – SE models come with air conditioning and front and rear electric windows.
Used values are strong thanks to VW’s image and its legendary build quality. Running costs are very low as are repair bills. Although reliability is generally good, make sure you check that yours has been well looked after – check all electrical equipment work as they should.
Our pick: 2001 Volkswagen Golf 1.6 SE (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Volkswagen Golf>>
Ford Ka
Ford KaThe Ford Ka – the manufacturer’s quirky-looking baby – has become somewhat of an icon since its launch in 1996. Its combination of characterful design, fun handling and low running costs have proved particularly popular with new drivers.
The 1.3-litre engine offers decent power but is rough and not particularly economical. Overall the whole package feels very old compared to newer rivals but if it’s fun, affordable mobility you’re after, the Ka is an excellent choice.
Mechanically the Ka is very reliable and strong, but look out for possible suspension issues, so bounce each corner and listen for any clunking noises. With more than 4,000 used Ford Kas for sale on Auto Trader you can afford to shop around for your perfect car.
Our pick: 2003 Ford Ka 1.3i Collection (Insurance group: 3)
Find a used Ford Ka>>
Volkswagen Polo
Volkswagen PoloThe Volkswagen Polo is an obvious choice for anybody in the market for a reliable and good-looking supermini. Polos hold their value very well so you’ll be looking at a slightly older version to stick within the £1,500 budget.
Choose from:
• 1994 – 2002
This version of the Polo may not be the most fun to drive and the smaller petrol engines are underpowered. But running costs are reasonable, it’s comfortable to drive and it’s reliable. We’d choose either the eager 1.4 16v petrol or the super frugal, if slightly noisy 1.4 TDI diesel.
• 2002 – 2005
You’ll have to hunt around if you want a post-2002 Polo within this budget. But it is a safe bet, with a cushy ride, sleek if dull interior, VW build-quality and a range of petrol and diesel engines. Gearboxes are a known weakness so ensure gears engage smoothly and easily.
Used values are strong thanks to the little VW’s image and its legendary build quality. Running costs are very low as are repair bills. And while there are few better built superminis out there, make sure you check that yours has been well looked after.
Our pick: 2001 Volkswagen Polo 1.4 SE (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Volkswagen Polo>>
Seat Ibiza
Seat IbizaThe Seat Ibiza has become increasingly popular in the UK, thanks to its youthful good-looks, strong engines and build-quality.
Choose from:
• 1999 – 2002
The pre-2002 may lack the curvy good-looks we’ve become to expect from the Spanish car maker but it is very well-built, spacious and comes with a decent choice of engines. It’s also quite rare which makes it a highly desirable first car.
• 2002 – 2006
The new model introduced in 2002 gained a stylish new look, a range of punchy engines and a sporty, if rather firm ride. Best of all, every model comes well-equipped – SE models even come with alloy wheels. Opt for the powerful yet frugal 1.2-litre petrol and you can expect to return 50mpg.
Reliability is generally good but there have been reports of transmission or electrical faults so make sure you check any potential buy thoroughly.
Our pick: 2002 Seat Ibiza 1.2-litre 12v SE 5dr (Insurance group: 3)
Find a used Seat Ibiza>>
Vauxhall Corsa
Vauxhall CorsaWith more than 1.7 million searches on Auto Trader last month, the Vauxhall Corsa is the most searched for used supermini.
There are two main types of Corsa available in this budget – if you want a newer model you might have to opt for a higher mileage, under-powered 1-litre engine or lower trim level.
• Pre 2000
There is a wide range of engines – from an underpowered 1-litre three-cylinder up to a brisk 1.8-litre unit in the sporty SRI – and there’s plenty of choice available from as little as £200
• 2000-2006
A new better-looking Corsa was introduced in 2000. This version benefits from a good sized boot, plenty of room for four adults and a range of economical engines. There have been reports of steering rack problems so make sure you check for smooth steering, with no unusual noises, before handing over your money.
There are plenty to choose from, keeping prices down and parts costs low. Expect to pay a premium for more practical five-door versions and better-equipped models.
Our pick: 2001 Vauxhall Corsa 1.2 16v Club 5dr (Insurance group: 2)
Find a used Vauxhall Corsa>>
Ford Fiesta
Ford FiestaThere’s a reason the Ford Fiesta is one of the most popular cars in the UK: it’s well-built, good-looking and fun. Whether you’re more concerned about reliability or space and looks, there’s a Fiesta to suit your needs:
• 1995 – 2002
A 10 to 15-year-old Fiesta is one of the cheapest cars to run but it’s still fun to drive, has a generous boot and plenty of choice. They may not be the plushest of cars but there are bargains to be had, from as little as £200. Check any potential buy thoroughly – its popularity as a first car means neglect is common.
• 2002 – 2008
In 2002 the Fiesta gained a sleeker look, extra room and new frugal engines. It benefits from a strong reliability record, good handling and a comfortable ride. Most petrol engines are capable of at least 40mpg, while diesels stretch to 60mpg. You’ll have to opt for a model with a higher mileage to stick within the £1,500 budget but there are plenty of deals to be had.
Our pick: 2001 Ford Fiesta 1.25 Zetec (Insurance group: 6)
Find a used Ford Fiesta>>
Toyota Yaris
Toyota YarisThe Toyota Yaris’ pert styling, low running costs and bulletproof reliability have kept its used prices higher than some of its rivals, but it’s still possible to find a decent one for the money. It was introduced in 1999, redesigned in 2003 and replaced in 2005 – and you’ll be looking at an earlier model for this budget.
The interior is even more unusual than the exterior, with a large digital read-out dominating the centre of the dash, with plenty of useful cubby holes dotted around. Rear seat and boot space is tight, and it’s not as practical as some of its competitors.
The engines run like clockwork and overall running costs are very low. The only major reliability gripes are with the transmission – gearboxes can become whiney, while clutches wear quickly if the car spends most of its time in stop-start traffic.
Our pick: 2000 Toyota Yaris 1.3 VVTi GS 5dr (Insurance group: 5)
Find a used Toyota Yaris>>
Renault Clio
Renault ClioThe evergreen Renault Clio – introduced in 1998, refreshed in 2001 and replaced in 2005 – is stylish, well-equipped and cheap to run. Taller occupants will find the interior slightly cramped and the driving position is uncomfortable no matter what your size.
The revised version introduced in 2001 is the best bet, with its range of new engines, added equipment and an improved interior. There are plenty to choose from so you should be able to find your ideal car.
Make sure common electrical and suspension issues have been fixed under the manufacturer’s warranty, which should be recorded in the service history.
Our pick: 2001 Renault Clio 1.2 16v Expression (Insurance group: 3)
Friday, 23 December 2011
Full List of Nissan Models
Full List of Nissan Models
(52 Items) List of all Nissan cars & models. This Nissan vehicle model list includes photos of Nissan vehicles along with release dates and body types. List items range from Datsun/Nissan Z-car to Nissan Xterra. This list of car models made by Nissan is alphabetical, but can be sorted by any column. You're able to copy this fact-based list to build your own just like it, re-rank it to fit your opinions, then publish it to share it with your Facebook friends, Twitter followers or with any other social networks you use on a regular basis.
Make a Version Print Blog View 3
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Show: 25 100
Reference By Reference
52Items 56256Views
Tags: cars, car models
Rank Name Class Make
1
Datsun/Nissan Z-car Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Datsun/Nissan Z-car
Sports car
Nissan, Datsun
2
Nissan 180SX Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 180SX
Coupé
Nissan
3
Nissan 200SX Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 200SX
Nissan
4
Nissan 240SX Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 240SX
Nissan
5
Nissan 240Z Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 240Z
Sports car, Hatchback
Nissan, Datsun
6
[No image]
Nissan 280ZX
Nissan
7
[No image]
Nissan 300ZX
Nissan
8
Nissan 350Z Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 350Z
Nissan
9
Nissan Almera Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Almera
Compact car
Nissan
10
Nissan Altima Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Altima
Compact car, Mid-size car
Nissan
11
Nissan Armada Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Armada
Sport utility vehicle
Nissan
12
Nissan Avenir Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Avenir
Station Wagon
Nissan
13
Nissan Bluebird Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Bluebird
Nissan
14
Nissan Cedric Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cedric
Sedan
Nissan
15
Nissan Cefiro Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cefiro
Sedan, Station Wagon, Mid-size car
Nissan
16
Nissan Cima Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cima
Sedan, Full-size car, Luxury vehicles
Nissan
17
Nissan Crew Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Crew
Nissan
18
Nissan Cube Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cube
Hatchback, Subcompact car
Nissan
19
Nissan Elgrand Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Elgrand
Nissan
20
Nissan Figaro Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Figaro
Convertible, City car
Nissan
21
Nissan Frontier Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Frontier
Truck
Nissan
22
Nissan Fuga Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Fuga
Sedan
Nissan
23
Nissan Gazelle Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Gazelle
Nissan
24
Nissan GT-R Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan GT-R
Sports car, Coupé
Nissan
25
Nissan Hardbody Truck Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Hardbody Truck
Pickup truck, Truck
Nissan
(52 Items) List of all Nissan cars & models. This Nissan vehicle model list includes photos of Nissan vehicles along with release dates and body types. List items range from Datsun/Nissan Z-car to Nissan Xterra. This list of car models made by Nissan is alphabetical, but can be sorted by any column. You're able to copy this fact-based list to build your own just like it, re-rank it to fit your opinions, then publish it to share it with your Facebook friends, Twitter followers or with any other social networks you use on a regular basis.
Make a Version Print Blog View 3
< >
Show: 25 100
Reference By Reference
52Items 56256Views
Tags: cars, car models
Rank Name Class Make
1
Datsun/Nissan Z-car Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Datsun/Nissan Z-car
Sports car
Nissan, Datsun
2
Nissan 180SX Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 180SX
Coupé
Nissan
3
Nissan 200SX Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 200SX
Nissan
4
Nissan 240SX Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 240SX
Nissan
5
Nissan 240Z Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 240Z
Sports car, Hatchback
Nissan, Datsun
6
[No image]
Nissan 280ZX
Nissan
7
[No image]
Nissan 300ZX
Nissan
8
Nissan 350Z Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan 350Z
Nissan
9
Nissan Almera Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Almera
Compact car
Nissan
10
Nissan Altima Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Altima
Compact car, Mid-size car
Nissan
11
Nissan Armada Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Armada
Sport utility vehicle
Nissan
12
Nissan Avenir Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Avenir
Station Wagon
Nissan
13
Nissan Bluebird Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Bluebird
Nissan
14
Nissan Cedric Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cedric
Sedan
Nissan
15
Nissan Cefiro Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cefiro
Sedan, Station Wagon, Mid-size car
Nissan
16
Nissan Cima Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cima
Sedan, Full-size car, Luxury vehicles
Nissan
17
Nissan Crew Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Crew
Nissan
18
Nissan Cube Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Cube
Hatchback, Subcompact car
Nissan
19
Nissan Elgrand Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Elgrand
Nissan
20
Nissan Figaro Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Figaro
Convertible, City car
Nissan
21
Nissan Frontier Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Frontier
Truck
Nissan
22
Nissan Fuga Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Fuga
Sedan
Nissan
23
Nissan Gazelle Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Gazelle
Nissan
24
Nissan GT-R Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan GT-R
Sports car, Coupé
Nissan
25
Nissan Hardbody Truck Full List of Nissan Models Cars & Other Vehicles picture
Nissan Hardbody Truck
Pickup truck, Truck
Nissan
Nissan Motors
Nissan Motors
"Nissan" redirects here. For the Hebrew month, see Nisan. For other uses, see Nissan (disambiguation).
Nissan Motor Company Ltd
Nissan Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha
Nissan Logo
Type Public company (TYO: 7201, OTC Markets Group: NSANY)
Industry
Automotive
Financial services
Engineering
Founded December 26, 1933
Founder(s)
Masujiro Hashimoto
Kenjiro Den
Rokuro Aoyama
Meitaro Takeuchi
Yoshisuke Aikawa
Headquarters Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
(Officially registered in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa)
Area served Worldwide
Key people
Carlos Ghosn (Chairman & CEO)
Toshiyuki Shiga (President and COO)
Products
Automobiles
Outboard Motors
Forklift Trucks
Production output increase 4,080,588 units (2010)
Revenue increase ¥8.773 trillion (FY2011)
Profit increase ¥319.22 billion (FY2011)
Total assets increase ¥10.736 trillion (FY2011)
Employees 155,099 (2011)
Divisions
Infiniti
NISMO
Infiniti Performance Line
Subsidiaries
Nissan Forklift
Nissan Marine
Autech
Website www.nissan-global.com
Nissan Motor Company Ltd (Japanese: 日産自動車株式会社 Nissan Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha?) (TYO: 7201), usually shortened to Nissan (play /ˈniːsɑːn/ or UK /ˈnɪsæn/; Japanese: [nisːaɴ]), is a multinational automaker headquartered in Japan. It was a core member of the Nissan Group, but has become more independent after its restructuring under Carlos Ghosn (CEO).
It formerly marketed vehicles under the "Datsun" brand name and is one of the largest car manufacturers in the world. As of 2011, the company's global headquarters is located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama. In 1999, Nissan entered a two way alliance with Renault S.A. of France, which owns 43.4% of Nissan while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares, as of 2008. The current market share of Nissan, along with Honda and Toyota, in American auto sales represent the largest of the automotive firms based in Asia that have been increasingly encroaching on the historically dominant US-based "Big Three" consisting of General Motors (GM), Ford and Chrysler. In its home market, Nissan became the second largest car manufacturer in 2011, surpassing Honda with Toyota still very much the dominant first. Along with its normal range of models, Nissan also produces a range of luxury models branded as Infiniti.
The Nissan VQ engines, of V6 configuration, have been featured among Ward's 10 Best Engines for 14 straight years.
"Nissan" redirects here. For the Hebrew month, see Nisan. For other uses, see Nissan (disambiguation).
Nissan Motor Company Ltd
Nissan Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha
Nissan Logo
Type Public company (TYO: 7201, OTC Markets Group: NSANY)
Industry
Automotive
Financial services
Engineering
Founded December 26, 1933
Founder(s)
Masujiro Hashimoto
Kenjiro Den
Rokuro Aoyama
Meitaro Takeuchi
Yoshisuke Aikawa
Headquarters Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
(Officially registered in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa)
Area served Worldwide
Key people
Carlos Ghosn (Chairman & CEO)
Toshiyuki Shiga (President and COO)
Products
Automobiles
Outboard Motors
Forklift Trucks
Production output increase 4,080,588 units (2010)
Revenue increase ¥8.773 trillion (FY2011)
Profit increase ¥319.22 billion (FY2011)
Total assets increase ¥10.736 trillion (FY2011)
Employees 155,099 (2011)
Divisions
Infiniti
NISMO
Infiniti Performance Line
Subsidiaries
Nissan Forklift
Nissan Marine
Autech
Website www.nissan-global.com
Nissan Motor Company Ltd (Japanese: 日産自動車株式会社 Nissan Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha?) (TYO: 7201), usually shortened to Nissan (play /ˈniːsɑːn/ or UK /ˈnɪsæn/; Japanese: [nisːaɴ]), is a multinational automaker headquartered in Japan. It was a core member of the Nissan Group, but has become more independent after its restructuring under Carlos Ghosn (CEO).
It formerly marketed vehicles under the "Datsun" brand name and is one of the largest car manufacturers in the world. As of 2011, the company's global headquarters is located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama. In 1999, Nissan entered a two way alliance with Renault S.A. of France, which owns 43.4% of Nissan while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares, as of 2008. The current market share of Nissan, along with Honda and Toyota, in American auto sales represent the largest of the automotive firms based in Asia that have been increasingly encroaching on the historically dominant US-based "Big Three" consisting of General Motors (GM), Ford and Chrysler. In its home market, Nissan became the second largest car manufacturer in 2011, surpassing Honda with Toyota still very much the dominant first. Along with its normal range of models, Nissan also produces a range of luxury models branded as Infiniti.
The Nissan VQ engines, of V6 configuration, have been featured among Ward's 10 Best Engines for 14 straight years.
Main articles: List of Nissan vehicles and List of Nissan engines.
Main articles: List of Nissan vehicles and List of Nissan engines.
Nissan has produced an extensive range of mainstream cars and trucks, initially for domestic consumption but exported around the world since the 1950s. There was a major strike in 1953.
It also produced several memorable sports cars, including the Datsun Fairlady 1500, 1600 and 2000 Roadsters, the Z-car, an affordable sports car originally introduced in 1969; and the GT-R, a powerful all-wheel-drive sports coupe.
In 1985, Nissan created a tuning division, Nismo, for competition and performance development of such cars. One of Nismo's latest models is the 370Z Nismo.
Until 1982, Nissan automobiles in most export markets were sold under the Datsun brand. Since 1989, Nissan has sold its luxury models in North America under the Infiniti brand.
Nissan also sells a small range of kei cars, mainly as a joint venture with other Japanese manufacturers like Suzuki or Mitsubishi. Nissan does not develop these cars. Nissan also has shared model development of Japanese domestic cars with other manufacturers, particularly Mazda, Subaru, Suzuki and Isuzu.
In China, Nissan produces cars in association with the Dongfeng Motor Group including the 2006 Nissan Livina Geniss. This is the first in the range of a new worldwide family of medium sized cars and is to make its world debut at the Guangzhou International Motor Show.
Nissan launches Qashqai SUV in South Africa, along with their new motorsport Qashqai Car Games.
In 2010, Nissan created another tuning division,IPL, this time for their premium/luxury brand Infiniti.
[edit] Japanese dealership channels
As of 2007 in Japan, Nissan sells its products at an internationally recognized "Nissan" signage, using a chrome circle with "Nissan" across the front. Previously, Nissan used two dealership names called Nissan Blue Stage, Nissan Red Stage, and Japanese: Nissan Red and Blue Stage, established in 1999. Before that, Nissan Red Stage was the result of combining an older sales channel of dealerships under the names "Nissan Prince Shop" (日産・プリンス店), established in 1966 after the merger of Prince Motors by Nissan that sold the Nissan Skyline, "Nissan Satio Shop" (日産・サティオ店), that sold cars developed from the Nissan Sunny at its introduction in 1966, and "Nissan Cherry Shop" (日産・チェリー店), cars associated with the Nissan Cherry and established in 1970. Nissan Blue Stage was the result of combining older sales channels, called "Nissan Bluebird Shop", or "Nissan Exhibition" (日産店), selling cars associated with the Nissan Bluebird in 1959, and "Nissan Motor Shop" (日産・モーター店), cars associated with the Nissan Laurel starting in 1968. In 1970, Nissan also set up a separate sales chain that sold used cars including auctions, called Japanese: Nissan U-Cars, which they still maintain.
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Blue Stage (1999–2005)
Nissan Fairlady Z, Nissan Serena, Nissan Cedric, Nissan R'nessa, Nissan Cima, Nissan Liberty, Nissan Cefiro, Nissan Laurel, Nissan President, Nissan Bluebird, Nissan Primera, Nissan Pulsar, Nissan Presea, Nissan Terrano, Nissan Stagea, Nissan Leopard, Nissan Avenir, Nissan Truck, Nissan Hypermini, Nissan Caravan.
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Red Stage (1999–2005)
Nissan Presage, Nissan X-Trail. Nissan Teana, Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, Nissan Crew, Nissan Skyline, Nissan Civilian, Nissan Silvia, Nissan Tino, Nissan Bassara, Nissan Gloria, Nissan Pulsar, Nissan Sunny, Nissan Rasheen, Nissan Primera, Nissan Mistral, Nissan Presea, Nissan Stagea, Nissan Advan, Nissan Largo, Nissan Vanette, Nissan Clipper, Nissan Homy, Nissan Elgrand, Nissan Safari, Nissan Wingroad, Nissan Atlas.
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Prince Shop, Nissan Satio Shop, Nissan Cherry Shop (1966–1999)
Cima, Gloria, Skyline, Primera, Auster, Pulsar, Langley, Volkswagen Santana, Volkswagen Passat, 180SX, Safari, Mistral, Elgrand, Homy, Bassara, Largo, Serena, Stagea, Primera wagon, Avenir, Wingroad, Expert, AD van, Vanette, Clipper, Atlas, Homer (cab over truck), Cherry, Sunny, Cherry Vanette,
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Bluebird Shop (later Nissan Shop, Nissan Exhibition), Nissan Motor Shop, (1959–1999)
Liberta Villa, Violet, Bluebird, Leopard, Maxima, Fairlady Z, Terrano, Avenir, Cefiro, Laurel, Laurel Spirit, Cedric, President,
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nissan dealerships
Electric vehicles
Main article: Nissan electric vehicle
Nissan will launch electric cars in Europe in 2010 with different business models in different countries.[32]
Nissan Motor Co. has nearly completed development of a lithium-ion battery using a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode (NMC). The new system, which will reportedly offer almost double the capacity of Nissan/AESC’s current manganese spinel cell.[33]
The new Nissan Leaf is expected to be marketed in North America, Europe, and Japan, beginning in late 2010. Nissan has announced it will manufacture the new Leaf compact electric car at its Sunderland plant in the UK. The annual production capacity will be 50,000 vehicles at Sunderland.[34]
[edit] Non-automotive products
Nissan has also had a number of ventures outside the automotive industry, most notably the Tu-Ka mobile phone service (est. 1994), which was sold to DDI and Japan Telecom (both now merged into KDDI Corporation) in 1999. Nissan also owns Nissan Marine, a joint venture with Tohatsu Corp that produces motors for boats and other maritime equipmen
Nissan has produced an extensive range of mainstream cars and trucks, initially for domestic consumption but exported around the world since the 1950s. There was a major strike in 1953.
It also produced several memorable sports cars, including the Datsun Fairlady 1500, 1600 and 2000 Roadsters, the Z-car, an affordable sports car originally introduced in 1969; and the GT-R, a powerful all-wheel-drive sports coupe.
In 1985, Nissan created a tuning division, Nismo, for competition and performance development of such cars. One of Nismo's latest models is the 370Z Nismo.
Until 1982, Nissan automobiles in most export markets were sold under the Datsun brand. Since 1989, Nissan has sold its luxury models in North America under the Infiniti brand.
Nissan also sells a small range of kei cars, mainly as a joint venture with other Japanese manufacturers like Suzuki or Mitsubishi. Nissan does not develop these cars. Nissan also has shared model development of Japanese domestic cars with other manufacturers, particularly Mazda, Subaru, Suzuki and Isuzu.
In China, Nissan produces cars in association with the Dongfeng Motor Group including the 2006 Nissan Livina Geniss. This is the first in the range of a new worldwide family of medium sized cars and is to make its world debut at the Guangzhou International Motor Show.
Nissan launches Qashqai SUV in South Africa, along with their new motorsport Qashqai Car Games.
In 2010, Nissan created another tuning division,IPL, this time for their premium/luxury brand Infiniti.
[edit] Japanese dealership channels
As of 2007 in Japan, Nissan sells its products at an internationally recognized "Nissan" signage, using a chrome circle with "Nissan" across the front. Previously, Nissan used two dealership names called Nissan Blue Stage, Nissan Red Stage, and Japanese: Nissan Red and Blue Stage, established in 1999. Before that, Nissan Red Stage was the result of combining an older sales channel of dealerships under the names "Nissan Prince Shop" (日産・プリンス店), established in 1966 after the merger of Prince Motors by Nissan that sold the Nissan Skyline, "Nissan Satio Shop" (日産・サティオ店), that sold cars developed from the Nissan Sunny at its introduction in 1966, and "Nissan Cherry Shop" (日産・チェリー店), cars associated with the Nissan Cherry and established in 1970. Nissan Blue Stage was the result of combining older sales channels, called "Nissan Bluebird Shop", or "Nissan Exhibition" (日産店), selling cars associated with the Nissan Bluebird in 1959, and "Nissan Motor Shop" (日産・モーター店), cars associated with the Nissan Laurel starting in 1968. In 1970, Nissan also set up a separate sales chain that sold used cars including auctions, called Japanese: Nissan U-Cars, which they still maintain.
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Blue Stage (1999–2005)
Nissan Fairlady Z, Nissan Serena, Nissan Cedric, Nissan R'nessa, Nissan Cima, Nissan Liberty, Nissan Cefiro, Nissan Laurel, Nissan President, Nissan Bluebird, Nissan Primera, Nissan Pulsar, Nissan Presea, Nissan Terrano, Nissan Stagea, Nissan Leopard, Nissan Avenir, Nissan Truck, Nissan Hypermini, Nissan Caravan.
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Red Stage (1999–2005)
Nissan Presage, Nissan X-Trail. Nissan Teana, Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, Nissan Crew, Nissan Skyline, Nissan Civilian, Nissan Silvia, Nissan Tino, Nissan Bassara, Nissan Gloria, Nissan Pulsar, Nissan Sunny, Nissan Rasheen, Nissan Primera, Nissan Mistral, Nissan Presea, Nissan Stagea, Nissan Advan, Nissan Largo, Nissan Vanette, Nissan Clipper, Nissan Homy, Nissan Elgrand, Nissan Safari, Nissan Wingroad, Nissan Atlas.
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Prince Shop, Nissan Satio Shop, Nissan Cherry Shop (1966–1999)
Cima, Gloria, Skyline, Primera, Auster, Pulsar, Langley, Volkswagen Santana, Volkswagen Passat, 180SX, Safari, Mistral, Elgrand, Homy, Bassara, Largo, Serena, Stagea, Primera wagon, Avenir, Wingroad, Expert, AD van, Vanette, Clipper, Atlas, Homer (cab over truck), Cherry, Sunny, Cherry Vanette,
All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Bluebird Shop (later Nissan Shop, Nissan Exhibition), Nissan Motor Shop, (1959–1999)
Liberta Villa, Violet, Bluebird, Leopard, Maxima, Fairlady Z, Terrano, Avenir, Cefiro, Laurel, Laurel Spirit, Cedric, President,
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nissan dealerships
Electric vehicles
Main article: Nissan electric vehicle
Nissan will launch electric cars in Europe in 2010 with different business models in different countries.[32]
Nissan Motor Co. has nearly completed development of a lithium-ion battery using a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode (NMC). The new system, which will reportedly offer almost double the capacity of Nissan/AESC’s current manganese spinel cell.[33]
The new Nissan Leaf is expected to be marketed in North America, Europe, and Japan, beginning in late 2010. Nissan has announced it will manufacture the new Leaf compact electric car at its Sunderland plant in the UK. The annual production capacity will be 50,000 vehicles at Sunderland.[34]
[edit] Non-automotive products
Nissan has also had a number of ventures outside the automotive industry, most notably the Tu-Ka mobile phone service (est. 1994), which was sold to DDI and Japan Telecom (both now merged into KDDI Corporation) in 1999. Nissan also owns Nissan Marine, a joint venture with Tohatsu Corp that produces motors for boats and other maritime equipmen
Nissan motors of History
1 History
1.1 Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914
1.2 Nissan name first used in 1930s
1.3 Nissan Motors founded in 1934
1.4 Nissan's early American connection
1.5 Austin Motor Company
1.6 Merger with Prince Motor Company
1.7 Foreign expansion
1.8 Relationship with Ford Motor Company
1.9 Trucks
1.10 Alliance with Renault
1.11 Expansion of alliance to include both Daimler and Renault
2 Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation
3 Recent news
3.1 Vehicle recalls
4 Environmental record
5 Leadership
6 Products
6.1 Automotive products
6.1.1 Japanese dealership channels
6.1.2 Electric vehicles
6.2 Non-automotive products
7 Global sales figures
8 Manufacturing locations
9 See also
10 Notes and references
11 External links
History
Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914
Nissan Model 70 Phaeton, 1938
Nissan world headquarters in Nishi-ku, Yokohama
Masujiro Hashimoto founded The Kwaishinsha Motor Car Works in 1911. In 1914, the company produced its first car, called DAT.
The new car's name was an acronym of the company's investors' family names:
Kenjiro Den (田 健次郎 Den Kenjirō?)
Rokuro Aoyama (青山 禄朗 Aoyama Rokurō?)
Meitaro Takeuchi (竹内 明太郎 Takeuchi Meitarō?).
It was renamed to Kwaishinsha Motorcar Co., Ltd. in 1918, and again to DAT Motorcar Co. in 1925.[1] DAT Motors built trucks in addition to the DAT and Datsun passenger cars. The vast majority of its output were trucks, due to an almost non-existent consumer market for passenger cars at the time. Beginning in 1918, the first DAT trucks were produced for the military market. It was the low demand of the military market in the 1920s that forced DAT to merge in 1926 with Japan's second most successful truck maker, Jitsuyo Motors.
In 1926 the Tokyo-based DAT Motors merged with the Osaka-based Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., Ltd. (実用自動車製造株式会社 Jitsuyō Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) a.k.a. Jitsuyo Motors (established 1919, as a Kubota subsidiary) to become DAT Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (ダット自動車製造株式会社 Datto Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) in Osaka until 1932. (Jitsuyo Jidosha began producing a three-wheeled vehicle with an enclosed cab called the Gorham in 1920, and the following year produced a four-wheeled version. From 1923 to 1925, the company produced light cars and trucks under the name of Lila.[2])
In 1931, DAT came out with a new smaller car, the first "Datson", meaning "Son of DAT". Later in 1933 after Nissan took control of DAT Motors, the last syllable of Datson was changed to "sun", because "son" also means "loss" (損) in Japanese, hence the name "Datsun" (ダットサン Dattosan?).[3]
In 1933, the company name was Nipponized to Jidosha-Seizo Co., Ltd. (自動車製造株式会社 Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?, "Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.") and was moved to Yokohama.
Nissan name first used in 1930s
In 1928, Yoshisuke Aikawa founded the holding company Nippon Sangyo (Japan Industries or Nippon Industries). "The name 'Nissan' originated during the 1930s as an abbreviation"[4] used on the Tokyo stock market for Nippon Sangyo. This company was the famous Nissan "Zaibatsu" (combine) which included Tobata Casting and Hitachi. At this time Nissan controlled foundries and auto parts businesses, but Aikawa did not enter automobile manufacturing until 1933.[5]
Nissan eventually grew to include 74 firms, and became the fourth-largest combine in Japan during World War II.[6]
In 1930, Aikawa purchased controlling(?) shares in DAT Motors, and then in 1933 it merged Tobata Casting's automobile parts department with DAT Motors. As Tobata Casting was a Nissan company, this was the beginning of Nissan's automobile manufacturing.[7]
Nissan Motors founded in 1934
In 1934, Aikawa "separated the expanded automobile parts division of Tobata Casting and incorporated it as a new subsidiary, which he named Nissan Motor (Nissan)". Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (日産自動車 Nissan Jidōsha?). The shareholders of the new company however were not enthusiastic about the prospects of the automobile in Japan, so Aikawa bought out all the Tobata Casting shareholders (using capital from Nippon Industries) in June, 1934. At this time Nissan Motors effectively became owned by Nippon Sangyo and Hitachi.[8]
Nissan built trucks, airplanes, and engines for the Japanese military. The company's main plant was moved to China after land there was captured by Japan. The plant made machinery for the Japanese war effort until it was captured by American and Russian forces. From 1947 to 1948 the company was called Nissan Heavy Industries Corp.
[edit] Nissan's early American connection
DAT had inherited Kubota's chief designer, American William R. Gorham. This, along with Aikawa's inspiring 1908 visit to Detroit, was to greatly affect Nissan's future.
Although it had always been Aikawa's intention to use cutting-edge auto making technology from America, it was Gorham that carried out the plan. All the machinery, vehicle designs and engine designs originally came out of the United States. Much of the tooling came from the Graham factory and Nissan had a Graham license under which trucks were made. The machinery was imported into Japan by Mitsubishi[9] on behalf of Nissan, which went into the first Yokohama factory to produce cars.
[edit] Austin Motor Company
In early 1950s, Nissan partnered with an established European company to gain access to up-to-date automobile and engine designs. Nissan chose Austin of the United Kingdom, which later became the British Motor Corporation by its merger with Morris et al. Nissan began building Austin 7s in 1930, though the legitimacy of their license at that time is debated. After the success of Nissan, Hino and Isuzu followed to partner with Renault and Hillman respectively.[10]
In 1952 Nissan Motor Company of Japan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,[11] for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its Datsun line of cars. In 1953 British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the Austin A50 – completely built by Nissan and featuring a slightly larger body with new 1489 cc engine—was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953–1959.[12]
Nissan leveraged the Austin patents to further develop their own modern engine designs past what the Austin's A- and B-family designs offered. The apex of the Austin-derived engines was the new design A series engine in 1967. Also in 1967 Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four cylinder overhead cam (OHC) Nissan L engine, which while similar to Mercedes-Benz OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new Datsun 510, which gained Nissan respect in the worldwide sedan market. Then, in 1969 Nissan introduced the Datsun 240Z sports car which used a six-cylinder variation of the L series engine. The 240Z was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world class status in the automobile market.[citation needed]
Merger with Prince Motor Company
In 1966, Nissan merged with the Prince Motor Company, bringing more upmarket cars, including the Nissan Skyline and Nissan Gloria, into its selection. The Prince name was eventually abandoned, and successive Skylines and Glorias bore the Nissan name. "Prince," was used at the Japanese Nissan dealership "Nissan Prince Shop" until 1999, when "Nissan Red Stage" replaced it. Nissan Red Stage itself has been replaced as of 2007. The vehicles that were the result of Prince manufacturing and development, such as the Gloria and the Skyline live on in the internationally established marque, Infiniti.
Foreign expansion
In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed cars at the 1959 Los Angeles Auto Show and sold a few that year in the United States. The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A., in 1959, headed by Yutaka Katayama. Nissan continued to improve their sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the Datsun Fairlady roadsters, the race-winning 411 series, the Datsun 510 and the world-class Datsun 240Z, and by 1970, they had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.
Nissan GT-R
In the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, consumers worldwide (especially in the lucrative U.S. market) began turning in rapidly increasing numbers to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand, the company built new factories in Mexico, Australia, Taiwan and South Africa.
The "Chicken Tax" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported commercial vans.[13] In response, Nissan, Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the U.S. in the early 80s.[13]
Nissan's initial assembly plant, in Smyrna, Tennessee, at first built only trucks such as the 720 and Hardbody, but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the Altima, Maxima, Xterra and Pathfinder. An engine plant in Decherd, Tennessee followed, and most recently a second assembly plant in Canton, Mississippi.
In 1998 Nissan announced that it was selling one of its headquarter buildings to the Mori Group for $107.8 million.[14]
In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. After an extensive review, Sunderland in the north east of the United Kingdom was chosen for the local availability of a highly skilled workforce and its position near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the highly coveted title of the most productive plant in Europe.
Financial difficulties (approaching billions) in Australia in the late 1980s caused Nissan to cease production there. Due to the "Button Plan" the Australian operation was unique as the Nissan products were also rebranded both by General Motors Holden: Pulsar as the Holden Astra), and Ford: Bluebird as the Ford Corsair).
In 2001 established a manufacturing plant in Brazil, in 2005, Nissan setup operations in India, through its subsidiary Nissan Motors India Pvt. Ltd.[15] With its global alliance partner, Renault, Nissan is investing $920 million to set up a manufacturing facility in Chennai to cater to the Indian market as well as a base for exports of small cars to Europe.[16]
Nissan sold nearly 520,000 new vehicles in China in 2009 in joint venture with Dongfeng Motor, and aims for 1 million in 3 or 4 years. To meet that target, Dongfeng-Nissan is expanding its production base in Guangzhou, which would become Nissan's largest factory around the globe in terms of production capacity upon completion.[17]
Relationship with Ford Motor Company
From 1993 to 2002, Nissan partnered with Ford to market the Mercury Villager and the Nissan Quest. The two minivans were manufactured with all the same parts and were virtually identical aside from several cosmetic differences. In 2002, Ford discontinued the Villager to make room for its Freestar and Monterey. Nissan brought out a new version of the Quest in 2004, which was designed in-house and no longer bore any relation to Ford's models.
In 1992, Nissan relaunched its Terrano four-wheel drive, which was cosmetically and mechanically identical to the Ford Maverick. Both cars were built in Spain. Although the Maverick was discontinued in 1998 due to disappointing sales, the Nissan Terrano was a strong seller and remained in production until 2005, when it was replaced by the Nissan Pathfinder.
Trucks
2006 Nissan Titan King Cab
The Nissan Titan was introduced in 2004, as a full-size pickup truck produced for the North American market, the truck shares the stretched Nissan F-Alpha platform with the Nissan Armada and Infiniti QX56 SUVs.
The Titan features a 32 valve 5.6 L VK56DE V8 engine which generates 317 hp, and is capable of towing approximately 9500 pounds. The Nissan Titan comes in four basic trim levels: XE, SE, Pro-4X, and LE; that for the 2011 it will be S, SV, PRO-4X and SL.The trim levels are combinations of the features offered on the truck. It was listed by Edmunds.com as the best full-size truck. The Titan was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2004.
Alliance with Renault
In 1999, with Nissan facing severe financial difficulties, Nissan entered an alliance with Renault S.A. of France.[18]
Signed on March 27, 1999, the Renault-Nissan Alliance is the first of its kind involving a Japanese and French car manufacturer, each with its own distinct corporate culture and brand identity. The same year, Renault appointed its own Chief Operating Officer, Carlos Ghosn, as Chief Operating Officer of Nissan and took a 22.5% stake in Nissan Diesel. Later that year, Nissan fired its top Japanese executives.
The Renault-Nissan Alliance has evolved over years to Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares which does not give Nissan a voting or board representation due to legal restriction in France.
Under CEO Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan" (NRP), the company has rebounded in what many leading economists consider to be one of the most spectacular corporate turnarounds in history, catapulting Nissan to record profits and a dramatic revitalization of both its Nissan and Infiniti model line-ups. In 2001, the company initiated Nissan 180, capitalizing on the success of the NRP. The targets set with 180 were an additional sale of 1 million cars, achieving operating margins of 8%, and to have zero automotive debts. Ghosn has been recognized in Japan for the company's turnaround in the midst of an ailing Japanese economy. Ghosn and the Nissan turnaround were featured in Japanese manga and popular culture. His achievements in revitalizing Nissan were noted by Japanese Government, which awarded him the Japan Medal with Blue Ribbon in 2004.[19]
Expansion of alliance to include both Daimler and Renault
Nissan Motors New Headquarters under construction in April 2008
On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[20] The alliance with Daimler is believed to have a focus on battery/electric technologies.
[edit] Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation
In December 1999, legal action was instituted by Nissan Motors seeking $10,000,000 in damages from Uzi Nissan, president of Nissan Computer. In December 2002, Uzi Nissan was handed an injunction restricting his use of the Nissan name and the domains Nissan.com and Nissan.net which he owns.
In 2004, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, allowed Nissan Computer to appeal the case, which resulted in reversal of some findings previously in favor of Nissan Motors.[21]
On February 5, 2008, Final Judgement was entered for the case, with Nissan Computer being awarded costs and neither party prevailing.[22] Immediately following the ruling, Nissan Motors filed a trademark application for Computer Equipment in March 2008,[23] viewed by some as an attempt to acquire the domain through UDRP, an arbitration panel proceeding which often finds in favor of trademark holders.
Recent news
Current CEO Carlos Ghosn has been credited with reviving Nissan
In 2010, Nissan announced that its hybrid technology is no longer based on Toyota's.
On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[20]
The Nissan Note and Qashqai in the UK are both produced at their UK factory in Sunderland, Tyne & Wear. On January 9, 2009, it was announced that 1,200 jobs were to be cut at the Sunderland plant. The decision was blamed on economic reasons, including a downturn in the car selling market. Nissan's senior vice-president for manufacturing in Europe, Trevor Mann, said the company was "right-sizing our operations to the market demand."[24]
Nissan also produces cars at its factory at Roslyn, near Pretoria, South Africa.
Nissan North America relocated its headquarters from Gardena, California to the Nashville, Tennessee area in July 2006. A new headquarters, Nissan Americas, was dedicated on July 22, 2008, in Cool Springs (Nashville, Tennessee). Approximately 1500 employees work in the facility.
On June 30, 2006, General Motors convened an emergency board meeting to discuss a proposal by shareholder Kirk Kerkorian to form an alliance between GM and Renault-Nissan. On October 4, 2006, however, GM and Nissan terminated talks because of the chasm between the two companies related to compensation to GM from Nissan.
On May 17, 2006 Nissan released the Atlas 20 hybrid truck in Japan. It released a Cabstar hybrid truck at the 2006 Hannover Fair.
The company's head office moved from Tokyo back to Yokohama in August 2009.
On February 23, 2008 the Tamil Nadu state government (India) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with auto manufacturing consortium, Mahindra-Renault- Nissan to set up a production unit at Oragadam in suburban Chennai.
The consortium comprising Indian auto major Mahindra and Mahindra, Renault (France) and Nissan (Japan) will begin with an initial investment of Rs4000 crore to manufacture nearly 50,000 tractors every year other than cars, utility vehicles and spare parts. The project is expected to increase Tamil Nadu’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Rs18,000 crore annually while providing 41,000 jobs.
Nissan began development of fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) in 1996 and launched limited lease sales of the X-Trail FCV in Japan in fiscal year 2003.
In 2002, Toyota and Nissan agree to tie-up on hybrid technologies, and in 2004, Nissan unveiled the Altima hybrid prototype.
Vehicle recalls
On March 2, 2010 Nissan announced the recall of 540,000 vehicles to fix brake pedals and gas gauges. The brake pedal recall affects 179,000 vehicles in the US and about 26,000 in the Middle East, Canada, Russia and several other countries.
Certain 2008 to 2010 Nissan Titan pickups, Infiniti QX56 and Nissan Armada Sports Utility Vehicles, and some 2008 and 2009 Nissan Quest minivans are being recalled.[25]
Nissan also announced the recall of several models of trucks and SUVs, including 2004–2006 Armadas and Titans, 2005–2006 Infiniti QX56s, and Frontiers, Pathfinders and Xterras made in August 2003 and June 2006. The recall was made in response to a risk that the electrical relays in the engine control modules for those vehicles may fail, possibly rendering the engine inoperable. The recall affects about 2,200,000 cars worldwide.[26]
In May 2011, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration launched an investigation of the 2007 and 2008 Altimas over leakage issues, which could lead to recalls.[27]
Environmental record
Nissan Leaf at the 2010 Washington Auto Show, where it was announced as winner of the 2010 Green Car Vision Award by the Green Car Journal.
Prior to announcements about the Nissan Leaf, Nissan Motors has had no special environmental record, at least as perceived relative to its competition. This may change in the future owing to a new emphasis on the development, production and marketing of electric automobiles. Nissan is planning to sell electric cars in the US coastal markets by December 2010, and within the US interior by June 2011. The company claims its EV model, the Nissan Leaf, has a maximum speed of 90 mph (140 km/h) and can go 100 miles per charge. It is projected to take eight hours to charge the car fully. Nissan's car uses a lithium ion battery. The vehicle is intended for short distances, and is not meant for replacing traditional cars for long trips. As with other electric cars these products from Nissan won't emit pollutants from their exhaust. Any pollution involved in their operation would come from the production of the electricity needed to charge the car, depending on the type of power generation facility.[28] Nissan has chosen to develop 100 percent electric cars rather than biofuel or ethanol running cars based upon cost analysis.[29] On May 12, 2009, Nissan announced the company will produce EVs at its Oppama plant from fall 2010 with capacity of 50,000 units a year. Batteries for EVs will be supplied by Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, a joint-venture between Nissan (51%), NEC Corporation (42%) and NEC TOKIN Corporation (7%).[30] In July 2011, the solar charging port of Nissan – construction on a 30-car solar charging station outside of the future Smyrna Vehicle Assembly Plant in Tennessee – is expected to be completed. And it will use renewable energy to charge the Nissan Leafs that will be produced there in 2012
1.1 Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914
1.2 Nissan name first used in 1930s
1.3 Nissan Motors founded in 1934
1.4 Nissan's early American connection
1.5 Austin Motor Company
1.6 Merger with Prince Motor Company
1.7 Foreign expansion
1.8 Relationship with Ford Motor Company
1.9 Trucks
1.10 Alliance with Renault
1.11 Expansion of alliance to include both Daimler and Renault
2 Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation
3 Recent news
3.1 Vehicle recalls
4 Environmental record
5 Leadership
6 Products
6.1 Automotive products
6.1.1 Japanese dealership channels
6.1.2 Electric vehicles
6.2 Non-automotive products
7 Global sales figures
8 Manufacturing locations
9 See also
10 Notes and references
11 External links
History
Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914
Nissan Model 70 Phaeton, 1938
Nissan world headquarters in Nishi-ku, Yokohama
Masujiro Hashimoto founded The Kwaishinsha Motor Car Works in 1911. In 1914, the company produced its first car, called DAT.
The new car's name was an acronym of the company's investors' family names:
Kenjiro Den (田 健次郎 Den Kenjirō?)
Rokuro Aoyama (青山 禄朗 Aoyama Rokurō?)
Meitaro Takeuchi (竹内 明太郎 Takeuchi Meitarō?).
It was renamed to Kwaishinsha Motorcar Co., Ltd. in 1918, and again to DAT Motorcar Co. in 1925.[1] DAT Motors built trucks in addition to the DAT and Datsun passenger cars. The vast majority of its output were trucks, due to an almost non-existent consumer market for passenger cars at the time. Beginning in 1918, the first DAT trucks were produced for the military market. It was the low demand of the military market in the 1920s that forced DAT to merge in 1926 with Japan's second most successful truck maker, Jitsuyo Motors.
In 1926 the Tokyo-based DAT Motors merged with the Osaka-based Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., Ltd. (実用自動車製造株式会社 Jitsuyō Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) a.k.a. Jitsuyo Motors (established 1919, as a Kubota subsidiary) to become DAT Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (ダット自動車製造株式会社 Datto Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) in Osaka until 1932. (Jitsuyo Jidosha began producing a three-wheeled vehicle with an enclosed cab called the Gorham in 1920, and the following year produced a four-wheeled version. From 1923 to 1925, the company produced light cars and trucks under the name of Lila.[2])
In 1931, DAT came out with a new smaller car, the first "Datson", meaning "Son of DAT". Later in 1933 after Nissan took control of DAT Motors, the last syllable of Datson was changed to "sun", because "son" also means "loss" (損) in Japanese, hence the name "Datsun" (ダットサン Dattosan?).[3]
In 1933, the company name was Nipponized to Jidosha-Seizo Co., Ltd. (自動車製造株式会社 Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?, "Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.") and was moved to Yokohama.
Nissan name first used in 1930s
In 1928, Yoshisuke Aikawa founded the holding company Nippon Sangyo (Japan Industries or Nippon Industries). "The name 'Nissan' originated during the 1930s as an abbreviation"[4] used on the Tokyo stock market for Nippon Sangyo. This company was the famous Nissan "Zaibatsu" (combine) which included Tobata Casting and Hitachi. At this time Nissan controlled foundries and auto parts businesses, but Aikawa did not enter automobile manufacturing until 1933.[5]
Nissan eventually grew to include 74 firms, and became the fourth-largest combine in Japan during World War II.[6]
In 1930, Aikawa purchased controlling(?) shares in DAT Motors, and then in 1933 it merged Tobata Casting's automobile parts department with DAT Motors. As Tobata Casting was a Nissan company, this was the beginning of Nissan's automobile manufacturing.[7]
Nissan Motors founded in 1934
In 1934, Aikawa "separated the expanded automobile parts division of Tobata Casting and incorporated it as a new subsidiary, which he named Nissan Motor (Nissan)". Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (日産自動車 Nissan Jidōsha?). The shareholders of the new company however were not enthusiastic about the prospects of the automobile in Japan, so Aikawa bought out all the Tobata Casting shareholders (using capital from Nippon Industries) in June, 1934. At this time Nissan Motors effectively became owned by Nippon Sangyo and Hitachi.[8]
Nissan built trucks, airplanes, and engines for the Japanese military. The company's main plant was moved to China after land there was captured by Japan. The plant made machinery for the Japanese war effort until it was captured by American and Russian forces. From 1947 to 1948 the company was called Nissan Heavy Industries Corp.
[edit] Nissan's early American connection
DAT had inherited Kubota's chief designer, American William R. Gorham. This, along with Aikawa's inspiring 1908 visit to Detroit, was to greatly affect Nissan's future.
Although it had always been Aikawa's intention to use cutting-edge auto making technology from America, it was Gorham that carried out the plan. All the machinery, vehicle designs and engine designs originally came out of the United States. Much of the tooling came from the Graham factory and Nissan had a Graham license under which trucks were made. The machinery was imported into Japan by Mitsubishi[9] on behalf of Nissan, which went into the first Yokohama factory to produce cars.
[edit] Austin Motor Company
In early 1950s, Nissan partnered with an established European company to gain access to up-to-date automobile and engine designs. Nissan chose Austin of the United Kingdom, which later became the British Motor Corporation by its merger with Morris et al. Nissan began building Austin 7s in 1930, though the legitimacy of their license at that time is debated. After the success of Nissan, Hino and Isuzu followed to partner with Renault and Hillman respectively.[10]
In 1952 Nissan Motor Company of Japan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,[11] for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its Datsun line of cars. In 1953 British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the Austin A50 – completely built by Nissan and featuring a slightly larger body with new 1489 cc engine—was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953–1959.[12]
Nissan leveraged the Austin patents to further develop their own modern engine designs past what the Austin's A- and B-family designs offered. The apex of the Austin-derived engines was the new design A series engine in 1967. Also in 1967 Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four cylinder overhead cam (OHC) Nissan L engine, which while similar to Mercedes-Benz OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new Datsun 510, which gained Nissan respect in the worldwide sedan market. Then, in 1969 Nissan introduced the Datsun 240Z sports car which used a six-cylinder variation of the L series engine. The 240Z was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world class status in the automobile market.[citation needed]
Merger with Prince Motor Company
In 1966, Nissan merged with the Prince Motor Company, bringing more upmarket cars, including the Nissan Skyline and Nissan Gloria, into its selection. The Prince name was eventually abandoned, and successive Skylines and Glorias bore the Nissan name. "Prince," was used at the Japanese Nissan dealership "Nissan Prince Shop" until 1999, when "Nissan Red Stage" replaced it. Nissan Red Stage itself has been replaced as of 2007. The vehicles that were the result of Prince manufacturing and development, such as the Gloria and the Skyline live on in the internationally established marque, Infiniti.
Foreign expansion
In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed cars at the 1959 Los Angeles Auto Show and sold a few that year in the United States. The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A., in 1959, headed by Yutaka Katayama. Nissan continued to improve their sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the Datsun Fairlady roadsters, the race-winning 411 series, the Datsun 510 and the world-class Datsun 240Z, and by 1970, they had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.
Nissan GT-R
In the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, consumers worldwide (especially in the lucrative U.S. market) began turning in rapidly increasing numbers to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand, the company built new factories in Mexico, Australia, Taiwan and South Africa.
The "Chicken Tax" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported commercial vans.[13] In response, Nissan, Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the U.S. in the early 80s.[13]
Nissan's initial assembly plant, in Smyrna, Tennessee, at first built only trucks such as the 720 and Hardbody, but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the Altima, Maxima, Xterra and Pathfinder. An engine plant in Decherd, Tennessee followed, and most recently a second assembly plant in Canton, Mississippi.
In 1998 Nissan announced that it was selling one of its headquarter buildings to the Mori Group for $107.8 million.[14]
In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. After an extensive review, Sunderland in the north east of the United Kingdom was chosen for the local availability of a highly skilled workforce and its position near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the highly coveted title of the most productive plant in Europe.
Financial difficulties (approaching billions) in Australia in the late 1980s caused Nissan to cease production there. Due to the "Button Plan" the Australian operation was unique as the Nissan products were also rebranded both by General Motors Holden: Pulsar as the Holden Astra), and Ford: Bluebird as the Ford Corsair).
In 2001 established a manufacturing plant in Brazil, in 2005, Nissan setup operations in India, through its subsidiary Nissan Motors India Pvt. Ltd.[15] With its global alliance partner, Renault, Nissan is investing $920 million to set up a manufacturing facility in Chennai to cater to the Indian market as well as a base for exports of small cars to Europe.[16]
Nissan sold nearly 520,000 new vehicles in China in 2009 in joint venture with Dongfeng Motor, and aims for 1 million in 3 or 4 years. To meet that target, Dongfeng-Nissan is expanding its production base in Guangzhou, which would become Nissan's largest factory around the globe in terms of production capacity upon completion.[17]
Relationship with Ford Motor Company
From 1993 to 2002, Nissan partnered with Ford to market the Mercury Villager and the Nissan Quest. The two minivans were manufactured with all the same parts and were virtually identical aside from several cosmetic differences. In 2002, Ford discontinued the Villager to make room for its Freestar and Monterey. Nissan brought out a new version of the Quest in 2004, which was designed in-house and no longer bore any relation to Ford's models.
In 1992, Nissan relaunched its Terrano four-wheel drive, which was cosmetically and mechanically identical to the Ford Maverick. Both cars were built in Spain. Although the Maverick was discontinued in 1998 due to disappointing sales, the Nissan Terrano was a strong seller and remained in production until 2005, when it was replaced by the Nissan Pathfinder.
Trucks
2006 Nissan Titan King Cab
The Nissan Titan was introduced in 2004, as a full-size pickup truck produced for the North American market, the truck shares the stretched Nissan F-Alpha platform with the Nissan Armada and Infiniti QX56 SUVs.
The Titan features a 32 valve 5.6 L VK56DE V8 engine which generates 317 hp, and is capable of towing approximately 9500 pounds. The Nissan Titan comes in four basic trim levels: XE, SE, Pro-4X, and LE; that for the 2011 it will be S, SV, PRO-4X and SL.The trim levels are combinations of the features offered on the truck. It was listed by Edmunds.com as the best full-size truck. The Titan was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2004.
Alliance with Renault
In 1999, with Nissan facing severe financial difficulties, Nissan entered an alliance with Renault S.A. of France.[18]
Signed on March 27, 1999, the Renault-Nissan Alliance is the first of its kind involving a Japanese and French car manufacturer, each with its own distinct corporate culture and brand identity. The same year, Renault appointed its own Chief Operating Officer, Carlos Ghosn, as Chief Operating Officer of Nissan and took a 22.5% stake in Nissan Diesel. Later that year, Nissan fired its top Japanese executives.
The Renault-Nissan Alliance has evolved over years to Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares which does not give Nissan a voting or board representation due to legal restriction in France.
Under CEO Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan" (NRP), the company has rebounded in what many leading economists consider to be one of the most spectacular corporate turnarounds in history, catapulting Nissan to record profits and a dramatic revitalization of both its Nissan and Infiniti model line-ups. In 2001, the company initiated Nissan 180, capitalizing on the success of the NRP. The targets set with 180 were an additional sale of 1 million cars, achieving operating margins of 8%, and to have zero automotive debts. Ghosn has been recognized in Japan for the company's turnaround in the midst of an ailing Japanese economy. Ghosn and the Nissan turnaround were featured in Japanese manga and popular culture. His achievements in revitalizing Nissan were noted by Japanese Government, which awarded him the Japan Medal with Blue Ribbon in 2004.[19]
Expansion of alliance to include both Daimler and Renault
Nissan Motors New Headquarters under construction in April 2008
On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[20] The alliance with Daimler is believed to have a focus on battery/electric technologies.
[edit] Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation
In December 1999, legal action was instituted by Nissan Motors seeking $10,000,000 in damages from Uzi Nissan, president of Nissan Computer. In December 2002, Uzi Nissan was handed an injunction restricting his use of the Nissan name and the domains Nissan.com and Nissan.net which he owns.
In 2004, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, allowed Nissan Computer to appeal the case, which resulted in reversal of some findings previously in favor of Nissan Motors.[21]
On February 5, 2008, Final Judgement was entered for the case, with Nissan Computer being awarded costs and neither party prevailing.[22] Immediately following the ruling, Nissan Motors filed a trademark application for Computer Equipment in March 2008,[23] viewed by some as an attempt to acquire the domain through UDRP, an arbitration panel proceeding which often finds in favor of trademark holders.
Recent news
Current CEO Carlos Ghosn has been credited with reviving Nissan
In 2010, Nissan announced that its hybrid technology is no longer based on Toyota's.
On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[20]
The Nissan Note and Qashqai in the UK are both produced at their UK factory in Sunderland, Tyne & Wear. On January 9, 2009, it was announced that 1,200 jobs were to be cut at the Sunderland plant. The decision was blamed on economic reasons, including a downturn in the car selling market. Nissan's senior vice-president for manufacturing in Europe, Trevor Mann, said the company was "right-sizing our operations to the market demand."[24]
Nissan also produces cars at its factory at Roslyn, near Pretoria, South Africa.
Nissan North America relocated its headquarters from Gardena, California to the Nashville, Tennessee area in July 2006. A new headquarters, Nissan Americas, was dedicated on July 22, 2008, in Cool Springs (Nashville, Tennessee). Approximately 1500 employees work in the facility.
On June 30, 2006, General Motors convened an emergency board meeting to discuss a proposal by shareholder Kirk Kerkorian to form an alliance between GM and Renault-Nissan. On October 4, 2006, however, GM and Nissan terminated talks because of the chasm between the two companies related to compensation to GM from Nissan.
On May 17, 2006 Nissan released the Atlas 20 hybrid truck in Japan. It released a Cabstar hybrid truck at the 2006 Hannover Fair.
The company's head office moved from Tokyo back to Yokohama in August 2009.
On February 23, 2008 the Tamil Nadu state government (India) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with auto manufacturing consortium, Mahindra-Renault- Nissan to set up a production unit at Oragadam in suburban Chennai.
The consortium comprising Indian auto major Mahindra and Mahindra, Renault (France) and Nissan (Japan) will begin with an initial investment of Rs4000 crore to manufacture nearly 50,000 tractors every year other than cars, utility vehicles and spare parts. The project is expected to increase Tamil Nadu’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Rs18,000 crore annually while providing 41,000 jobs.
Nissan began development of fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) in 1996 and launched limited lease sales of the X-Trail FCV in Japan in fiscal year 2003.
In 2002, Toyota and Nissan agree to tie-up on hybrid technologies, and in 2004, Nissan unveiled the Altima hybrid prototype.
Vehicle recalls
On March 2, 2010 Nissan announced the recall of 540,000 vehicles to fix brake pedals and gas gauges. The brake pedal recall affects 179,000 vehicles in the US and about 26,000 in the Middle East, Canada, Russia and several other countries.
Certain 2008 to 2010 Nissan Titan pickups, Infiniti QX56 and Nissan Armada Sports Utility Vehicles, and some 2008 and 2009 Nissan Quest minivans are being recalled.[25]
Nissan also announced the recall of several models of trucks and SUVs, including 2004–2006 Armadas and Titans, 2005–2006 Infiniti QX56s, and Frontiers, Pathfinders and Xterras made in August 2003 and June 2006. The recall was made in response to a risk that the electrical relays in the engine control modules for those vehicles may fail, possibly rendering the engine inoperable. The recall affects about 2,200,000 cars worldwide.[26]
In May 2011, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration launched an investigation of the 2007 and 2008 Altimas over leakage issues, which could lead to recalls.[27]
Environmental record
Nissan Leaf at the 2010 Washington Auto Show, where it was announced as winner of the 2010 Green Car Vision Award by the Green Car Journal.
Prior to announcements about the Nissan Leaf, Nissan Motors has had no special environmental record, at least as perceived relative to its competition. This may change in the future owing to a new emphasis on the development, production and marketing of electric automobiles. Nissan is planning to sell electric cars in the US coastal markets by December 2010, and within the US interior by June 2011. The company claims its EV model, the Nissan Leaf, has a maximum speed of 90 mph (140 km/h) and can go 100 miles per charge. It is projected to take eight hours to charge the car fully. Nissan's car uses a lithium ion battery. The vehicle is intended for short distances, and is not meant for replacing traditional cars for long trips. As with other electric cars these products from Nissan won't emit pollutants from their exhaust. Any pollution involved in their operation would come from the production of the electricity needed to charge the car, depending on the type of power generation facility.[28] Nissan has chosen to develop 100 percent electric cars rather than biofuel or ethanol running cars based upon cost analysis.[29] On May 12, 2009, Nissan announced the company will produce EVs at its Oppama plant from fall 2010 with capacity of 50,000 units a year. Batteries for EVs will be supplied by Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, a joint-venture between Nissan (51%), NEC Corporation (42%) and NEC TOKIN Corporation (7%).[30] In July 2011, the solar charging port of Nissan – construction on a 30-car solar charging station outside of the future Smyrna Vehicle Assembly Plant in Tennessee – is expected to be completed. And it will use renewable energy to charge the Nissan Leafs that will be produced there in 2012
Wednesday, 21 December 2011
roubleshooting Problems
Troubleshooting Problems
Body
Door Will Not Latch Close
Replace Electric Power Door Locks Test
Brake System
Brake Pedal Goes to the Floor
Brake System Warning Light On
Pulls Right or Left Driving or Braking
Steering Wheel Shakes When Accelerating or Braking
Car Noises
Chirping Noise
Clicking Noise
Clunking Noise
Grinding Noises
Howling Noise
Popping Noise
Rattle Noises
Whirring Sounds
Whistling Noise
Climate Control
Air Conditioner Not Working
Air Vents Stay in the Defrost Position
Blower Fan Motor Works On High Speed Only
Heater Not Working
Low or No Airflow From Vents
Cooling System
Engine Coolant Problems
Thermostat Test
Drivetrain
Clutch Not Working
Electrical
Alternator Test
Battery Goes Dead Overnight
Battery Test
Both Headlights Blow Out at the Same Time
Brake Lights Not Working
Burned Fuse Connector Test
Coolant Temperature Hot Warning Light On
Electrical Goes Dead When Engine is Cranked
Electrical System Circuit Light Test Checker
Engine Will Not Crank Over
Headlights are Dim or Dull
How a Neutral Safety Switch Works
Ignition Switch Stuck Wont Turn
No Tail Lights or Running Lights
Oxygen Sensor Lean Mixture Codes P0171 or P0174
Rapid Clicking Sound When Starter is Used
Re-Program a Key Remote Fob
Relay and Wiring Circuit Test
Scan Test is Incomplete P1000 Repair
Scan for Check Engine Service Soon Light Trouble Codes
Turn Signals Blink Rapidly
Turn Signals Not Working
Engine Mechanical
Abnormal Engine Noises
Coolant in the Motor Oil
Engine Coolant Leaks
Engine Oil Leaks
Engine Oil in Coolant or Radiator GM 3.0 Liter V6
Excessive Smoke From Exhaust Pipe
Exhaust System Keeps Breaking
High or Low Engine Oil Pressure
Plugged Catalytic Converter Test
Vacuum Leak Test
Water Pump Failure and Overheating
White Smoke or Steam from the Exhaust Pipe
Engine Performance
Black Smoke Engine Exhaust System
Blue Smoke from Engine Exhaust Pipe
Engine Backfires
Engine Cranks But Wont Start
Engine Cranks Excessively Before Starting
Engine Hesitation
Engine Idling High to Fast
Engine Idling Low to Slow
Engine Loss Performance Power
Engine Overheating or Runs Hot
Engine Runs Rough or Misfires
Engine Stalls
Engine Surges
Engine Vibration at Idle
Stalls or Idles High or Low After Dead or New Battery
Fuel System
Fuel Injector Test
Suspension
Check Shocks and Struts
Low Tire Indicator Warning Light On
Power Steering Problems
Body
Door Will Not Latch Close
Replace Electric Power Door Locks Test
Brake System
Brake Pedal Goes to the Floor
Brake System Warning Light On
Pulls Right or Left Driving or Braking
Steering Wheel Shakes When Accelerating or Braking
Car Noises
Chirping Noise
Clicking Noise
Clunking Noise
Grinding Noises
Howling Noise
Popping Noise
Rattle Noises
Whirring Sounds
Whistling Noise
Climate Control
Air Conditioner Not Working
Air Vents Stay in the Defrost Position
Blower Fan Motor Works On High Speed Only
Heater Not Working
Low or No Airflow From Vents
Cooling System
Engine Coolant Problems
Thermostat Test
Drivetrain
Clutch Not Working
Electrical
Alternator Test
Battery Goes Dead Overnight
Battery Test
Both Headlights Blow Out at the Same Time
Brake Lights Not Working
Burned Fuse Connector Test
Coolant Temperature Hot Warning Light On
Electrical Goes Dead When Engine is Cranked
Electrical System Circuit Light Test Checker
Engine Will Not Crank Over
Headlights are Dim or Dull
How a Neutral Safety Switch Works
Ignition Switch Stuck Wont Turn
No Tail Lights or Running Lights
Oxygen Sensor Lean Mixture Codes P0171 or P0174
Rapid Clicking Sound When Starter is Used
Re-Program a Key Remote Fob
Relay and Wiring Circuit Test
Scan Test is Incomplete P1000 Repair
Scan for Check Engine Service Soon Light Trouble Codes
Turn Signals Blink Rapidly
Turn Signals Not Working
Engine Mechanical
Abnormal Engine Noises
Coolant in the Motor Oil
Engine Coolant Leaks
Engine Oil Leaks
Engine Oil in Coolant or Radiator GM 3.0 Liter V6
Excessive Smoke From Exhaust Pipe
Exhaust System Keeps Breaking
High or Low Engine Oil Pressure
Plugged Catalytic Converter Test
Vacuum Leak Test
Water Pump Failure and Overheating
White Smoke or Steam from the Exhaust Pipe
Engine Performance
Black Smoke Engine Exhaust System
Blue Smoke from Engine Exhaust Pipe
Engine Backfires
Engine Cranks But Wont Start
Engine Cranks Excessively Before Starting
Engine Hesitation
Engine Idling High to Fast
Engine Idling Low to Slow
Engine Loss Performance Power
Engine Overheating or Runs Hot
Engine Runs Rough or Misfires
Engine Stalls
Engine Surges
Engine Vibration at Idle
Stalls or Idles High or Low After Dead or New Battery
Fuel System
Fuel Injector Test
Suspension
Check Shocks and Struts
Low Tire Indicator Warning Light On
Power Steering Problems
Trouble Code Definitions
Trouble Code Definitions
OBD2 Diagnostic Trouble Code Tables 1995 - 2008
P0100 – P0199 | P0200 – P0299 | P0300 – P0399 | P0400 – P0499 | P0500 – P0599 | P0600 – P0699 | P0700 – P0799 | P0800 – P0899 | P0900 – P0999 | P1000 – P1099 | P1100 – P1199 | P1200 – P1299 | P1300 – P1399 | P1400 – P1499 | P1500 – P1599 | P1600 – P1699 | P1700 – P1799 | P1800 – P1899 |
P0100 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Malfunction
P0101 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input
P0103 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input
P0104 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Intermittent
P0105 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Malfunction
P0106 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0107 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Low Input
P0108 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit High Input
P0109 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Intermittent
P0110 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Malfunction
P0111 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0112 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Low Input
P0113 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit High Input
P0114 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Intermittent
P0115 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Malfunction
P0116 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0117 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Low Input
P0118 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit High Input
P0119 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Intermittent
P0120 – ETS Main Throttle Position Sensor Malfunction
P0121 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0122 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Low Input
P0123 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High Input
P0124 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Intermittent
P0125 – Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control
P0126 – Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Stable Operation
P0128 – ECT Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature
P0130 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 1
P0131 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0132 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0133 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0134 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0135 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0136 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0137 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0138 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0139 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0140 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0141 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0142 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0143 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0144 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0145 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0146 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0147 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0150 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0151 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0152 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0153 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0154 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 1
P0155 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0156 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0157 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0158 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0159 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0160 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0161 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0162 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0163 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0164 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0165 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0166 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 3
P0167 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0170 – Fuel Trim Malfunction (Bank 1)
P0171 – System too Lean (Bank 1)
P0172 – System too Rich (Bank 1)
P0173 – Fuel Trim Malfunction (Bank 2)
P0174 – System too Lean (Bank 2)
P0175 – System too Rich (Bank 2)
P0176 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Malfunction
P0177 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
P0178 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Low Input
P0179 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit High Input
P0180 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Malfunction
P0181 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
P0182 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input
P0183 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High Input
P0184 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent
P0185 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Malfunction
P0186 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance
P0187 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low Input
P0188 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit High Input
P0189 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent
P0190 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Malfunction
P0191 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
P0192 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Input
P0193 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High Input
P0194 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent
P0195 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Malfunction
P0196 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Range/Performance
P0197 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Low
P0198 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor High
P0199 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Intermittent
OBD2 Diagnostic Trouble Code Tables 1995 - 2008
P0100 – P0199 | P0200 – P0299 | P0300 – P0399 | P0400 – P0499 | P0500 – P0599 | P0600 – P0699 | P0700 – P0799 | P0800 – P0899 | P0900 – P0999 | P1000 – P1099 | P1100 – P1199 | P1200 – P1299 | P1300 – P1399 | P1400 – P1499 | P1500 – P1599 | P1600 – P1699 | P1700 – P1799 | P1800 – P1899 |
P0100 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Malfunction
P0101 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input
P0103 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input
P0104 – Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Intermittent
P0105 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Malfunction
P0106 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0107 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Low Input
P0108 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit High Input
P0109 – Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Intermittent
P0110 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Malfunction
P0111 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0112 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Low Input
P0113 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit High Input
P0114 – Intake Air Temperature Circuit Intermittent
P0115 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Malfunction
P0116 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0117 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Low Input
P0118 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit High Input
P0119 – Engine Coolant Temperature Circuit Intermittent
P0120 – ETS Main Throttle Position Sensor Malfunction
P0121 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Range/Performance Problem
P0122 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Low Input
P0123 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High Input
P0124 – Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Intermittent
P0125 – Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control
P0126 – Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Stable Operation
P0128 – ECT Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature
P0130 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 1
P0131 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0132 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0133 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0134 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0135 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
P0136 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0137 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0138 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0139 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0140 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0141 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 2)
P0142 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0143 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0144 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0145 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0146 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0147 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 Sensor 3)
P0150 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0151 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0152 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0153 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0154 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 1
P0155 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 1)
P0156 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0157 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0158 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0159 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0160 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0161 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 2)
P0162 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0163 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0164 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0165 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0166 – Oxygen Sensor Circuit No Activity Detected (Bank 2 Sensor 3
P0167 – Oxygen Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 2 Sensor 3)
P0170 – Fuel Trim Malfunction (Bank 1)
P0171 – System too Lean (Bank 1)
P0172 – System too Rich (Bank 1)
P0173 – Fuel Trim Malfunction (Bank 2)
P0174 – System too Lean (Bank 2)
P0175 – System too Rich (Bank 2)
P0176 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Malfunction
P0177 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
P0178 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit Low Input
P0179 – Fuel Composition Sensor Circuit High Input
P0180 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Malfunction
P0181 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance
P0182 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Low Input
P0183 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit High Input
P0184 – Fuel Temperature Sensor A Circuit Intermittent
P0185 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Malfunction
P0186 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Range/Performance
P0187 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Low Input
P0188 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit High Input
P0189 – Fuel Temperature Sensor B Circuit Intermittent
P0190 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Malfunction
P0191 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance
P0192 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Input
P0193 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit High Input
P0194 – Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Intermittent
P0195 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Malfunction
P0196 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Range/Performance
P0197 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Low
P0198 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor High
P0199 – Engine Oil Temperature Sensor Intermittent
How to Repair or Service
How to Repair or Service
Body
Door Will Not Latch Close
Open Hood Release Latch
Replace Electric Power Door Locks Test
Replace Power Window Motor Test
Replace Windshield Washer Pump
Replace Windshield Wiper Blades and Inserts
Brake System
ABS Wheel Speed Sensor
Bleed and Flush a Brake System
Brake Pedal Goes to the Floor
Brake System Warning Light On
Checking Headlights Blinkers and Tail Lights
Pulls Right or Left Driving or Braking
Replace Brake Caliper
Replace Brake Flex Hose
Replace Brake Master Cylinder
Replace Brake Power Booster
Replace Brake System ABS Controller
Replace Brake Wheel Cylinder
Replace Emergency Parking Brake Shoe and Adjust
Replace Front Brake Pads and Rotors FWD
Replace Front Brake Pads and Rotors RWD
Replace Rear Brake Drums and Adjust
Replace Rear Brake Pads and Rotors
Replace Rear Brake Shoes Drums and Adjust
Steering Wheel Shakes When Accelerating or Braking
Car Noises
Chirping Noise
Clicking Noise
Clunking Noise
Grinding Noises
Howling Noise
Popping Noise
Rattle Noises
Scraping Noises
Squeaking Noise
Vibration Noises
Whirring Sounds
Whistling Noise
Climate Control
Air Conditioner Not Working
Air Vents Stay in the Defrost Position
Blower Fan Motor Works On High Speed Only
Heater Not Working
Low or No Airflow From Vents
Re-Charge an Air Conditioner System
Replace Air Cabin Filter
Replace Air Conditioner Compressor
Replace Blend Door Motor
Replace Heater Control Valve
Replace Heater Core
Replace Heater Hoses
Cooling System
Replace Radiator Cooling Fan Motor
Replace Radiator Hoses
Replace Radiator and Flush Coolant
Replace Thermostat
Replace Water Pump
Thermostat Test
Drivetrain
Check Fluid Levels
Clutch Not Working
Drain and Refill Gear Oil Differential Service
Replace Automatic Transmission
Replace Axle Wheel Bearing Hub
Replace CV Axle
Replace Clutch Cable and Adjust
Replace Clutch Master Cylinder
Replace Clutch Slave-Secondary Cylinder
Replace Clutch and Adjust
Replace Differential
Replace Driveshaft
Replace Universal U Joint
Service Automatic Transmission Fluid and Filter
Electrical
Alternator Test
Battery Goes Dead Overnight
Battery Test
Both Headlights Blow Out at the Same Time
Brake Lights Not Working
Burned Fuse Connector Test
Check Fuses
Coolant Temperature Hot Warning Light On
Electrical Goes Dead When Engine is Cranked
Electrical System Circuit Light Test Checker
Engine Will Not Crank Over
Headlights are Dim or Dull
How to Use a Voltmeter
How to Use an Infrared Temperature Meter
Ignition Switch Stuck Wont Turn
Ignition System Test
Ignition Timing Adjust
Jump Start Battery Using Jumper Cables
No Tail Lights or Running Lights
Oxygen Sensor O2 Test
Rapid Clicking Sound When Starter is Used
Re-Program a Key Remote Fob
Relay and Wiring Circuit Test
Replace Alternator
Replace Battery
Replace Battery Cables
Replace Brake Light Bulb Video
Replace Electric Antenna Mast
Replace Headlight Bulb
Replace Idle Air Speed Control Motor
Replace Ignition Switch
Replace Mass Air Flow Sensor MAF
Replace Oxygen Sensor
Replace Starter Motor and Solenoid
Replace Throttle Position Sensor TPS
Replace Turn Signal Flasher
Scan for Check Engine Service Soon Light Trouble Codes
Turn Signals Blink Rapidly
Turn Signals Not Working
Engine Mechanical
Abnormal Engine Noises
Auto Maintenance and Service Procedure Instructions
Change Engine Oil and Filter
Change Motor Oil and Filter Video
Coolant in the Motor Oil
Engine Coolant Leaks
Engine Cylinder Compression Test
Engine Oil Leaks
Engine Oil in Coolant or Radiator GM 3.0 Liter V6
Excessive Smoke From Exhaust Pipe
Exhaust System Keeps Breaking
First Service Procedures with Oil Change
Getting Your Car Ready for the Summer Heat
High or Low Engine Oil Pressure
One Year or 15,000 Mile Service
Performing Safety Inspection
Plugged Catalytic Converter Test
Replace EGR Valve
Replace Engine Air Filter and Clean Housing
Replace Intake Manifold Gasket
Replace Motor Mounts
Replace Serpentine Belt
Replace Serpentine Belt Video
Replace Spark Plugs
Replace Timing Chain
Replace Valve Cover Gasket
Vacuum Leak Test
Water Pump Failure and Overheating
Engine Performance
Black Smoke Engine Exhaust System
Blue Smoke from Engine Exhaust Pipe
Engine Backfires
Engine Cranks But Wont Start
Engine Cranks Excessively Before Starting
Engine Hesitation
Engine Idling High to Fast
Engine Idling Low to Slow
Engine Loss Performance Power
Engine Overheating or Runs Hot
Engine Runs Rough or Misfires
Engine Stalls
Engine Surges
Engine Tune-up
Engine Vibration at Idle
Replace an Air Intake Boot
Stalls or Idles High or Low After Dead or New Battery
Fuel System
Check Fuel Pump and Regulator Test
Fuel Injector Test
Replace Fuel Filter
Replace Fuel Injector
Replace Fuel Pump
Suspension
Check Shocks and Struts
How to Use a Tire Pressure Gauge
Low Tire Indicator Warning Light On
Replace Ball Joint
Replace Power Steering Pump
Replace Rack and Pinion
Replace Shock Absorber
Replace Struts
Replace Suspension Bushings
Body
Door Will Not Latch Close
Open Hood Release Latch
Replace Electric Power Door Locks Test
Replace Power Window Motor Test
Replace Windshield Washer Pump
Replace Windshield Wiper Blades and Inserts
Brake System
ABS Wheel Speed Sensor
Bleed and Flush a Brake System
Brake Pedal Goes to the Floor
Brake System Warning Light On
Checking Headlights Blinkers and Tail Lights
Pulls Right or Left Driving or Braking
Replace Brake Caliper
Replace Brake Flex Hose
Replace Brake Master Cylinder
Replace Brake Power Booster
Replace Brake System ABS Controller
Replace Brake Wheel Cylinder
Replace Emergency Parking Brake Shoe and Adjust
Replace Front Brake Pads and Rotors FWD
Replace Front Brake Pads and Rotors RWD
Replace Rear Brake Drums and Adjust
Replace Rear Brake Pads and Rotors
Replace Rear Brake Shoes Drums and Adjust
Steering Wheel Shakes When Accelerating or Braking
Car Noises
Chirping Noise
Clicking Noise
Clunking Noise
Grinding Noises
Howling Noise
Popping Noise
Rattle Noises
Scraping Noises
Squeaking Noise
Vibration Noises
Whirring Sounds
Whistling Noise
Climate Control
Air Conditioner Not Working
Air Vents Stay in the Defrost Position
Blower Fan Motor Works On High Speed Only
Heater Not Working
Low or No Airflow From Vents
Re-Charge an Air Conditioner System
Replace Air Cabin Filter
Replace Air Conditioner Compressor
Replace Blend Door Motor
Replace Heater Control Valve
Replace Heater Core
Replace Heater Hoses
Cooling System
Replace Radiator Cooling Fan Motor
Replace Radiator Hoses
Replace Radiator and Flush Coolant
Replace Thermostat
Replace Water Pump
Thermostat Test
Drivetrain
Check Fluid Levels
Clutch Not Working
Drain and Refill Gear Oil Differential Service
Replace Automatic Transmission
Replace Axle Wheel Bearing Hub
Replace CV Axle
Replace Clutch Cable and Adjust
Replace Clutch Master Cylinder
Replace Clutch Slave-Secondary Cylinder
Replace Clutch and Adjust
Replace Differential
Replace Driveshaft
Replace Universal U Joint
Service Automatic Transmission Fluid and Filter
Electrical
Alternator Test
Battery Goes Dead Overnight
Battery Test
Both Headlights Blow Out at the Same Time
Brake Lights Not Working
Burned Fuse Connector Test
Check Fuses
Coolant Temperature Hot Warning Light On
Electrical Goes Dead When Engine is Cranked
Electrical System Circuit Light Test Checker
Engine Will Not Crank Over
Headlights are Dim or Dull
How to Use a Voltmeter
How to Use an Infrared Temperature Meter
Ignition Switch Stuck Wont Turn
Ignition System Test
Ignition Timing Adjust
Jump Start Battery Using Jumper Cables
No Tail Lights or Running Lights
Oxygen Sensor O2 Test
Rapid Clicking Sound When Starter is Used
Re-Program a Key Remote Fob
Relay and Wiring Circuit Test
Replace Alternator
Replace Battery
Replace Battery Cables
Replace Brake Light Bulb Video
Replace Electric Antenna Mast
Replace Headlight Bulb
Replace Idle Air Speed Control Motor
Replace Ignition Switch
Replace Mass Air Flow Sensor MAF
Replace Oxygen Sensor
Replace Starter Motor and Solenoid
Replace Throttle Position Sensor TPS
Replace Turn Signal Flasher
Scan for Check Engine Service Soon Light Trouble Codes
Turn Signals Blink Rapidly
Turn Signals Not Working
Engine Mechanical
Abnormal Engine Noises
Auto Maintenance and Service Procedure Instructions
Change Engine Oil and Filter
Change Motor Oil and Filter Video
Coolant in the Motor Oil
Engine Coolant Leaks
Engine Cylinder Compression Test
Engine Oil Leaks
Engine Oil in Coolant or Radiator GM 3.0 Liter V6
Excessive Smoke From Exhaust Pipe
Exhaust System Keeps Breaking
First Service Procedures with Oil Change
Getting Your Car Ready for the Summer Heat
High or Low Engine Oil Pressure
One Year or 15,000 Mile Service
Performing Safety Inspection
Plugged Catalytic Converter Test
Replace EGR Valve
Replace Engine Air Filter and Clean Housing
Replace Intake Manifold Gasket
Replace Motor Mounts
Replace Serpentine Belt
Replace Serpentine Belt Video
Replace Spark Plugs
Replace Timing Chain
Replace Valve Cover Gasket
Vacuum Leak Test
Water Pump Failure and Overheating
Engine Performance
Black Smoke Engine Exhaust System
Blue Smoke from Engine Exhaust Pipe
Engine Backfires
Engine Cranks But Wont Start
Engine Cranks Excessively Before Starting
Engine Hesitation
Engine Idling High to Fast
Engine Idling Low to Slow
Engine Loss Performance Power
Engine Overheating or Runs Hot
Engine Runs Rough or Misfires
Engine Stalls
Engine Surges
Engine Tune-up
Engine Vibration at Idle
Replace an Air Intake Boot
Stalls or Idles High or Low After Dead or New Battery
Fuel System
Check Fuel Pump and Regulator Test
Fuel Injector Test
Replace Fuel Filter
Replace Fuel Injector
Replace Fuel Pump
Suspension
Check Shocks and Struts
How to Use a Tire Pressure Gauge
Low Tire Indicator Warning Light On
Replace Ball Joint
Replace Power Steering Pump
Replace Rack and Pinion
Replace Shock Absorber
Replace Struts
Replace Suspension Bushings
Vehicle Common Problem
Vehicle Common Problem
These are terrific cars and will last a long time if properly maintained. Mostly, that means regular oil changes and inspections, so the first thing I would look for is service records. If you can't find them or they appear to be incomplete, take the VIN number of the car to your local BMW dealer and ask them to look up the service history. Unless they performed the work, they won't be able to give you much detail, but they can tell you which BMW dealer did it and you can contact them directly.
Also, while you're at the BMW dealer, ask them to check if the car is a CPO (certified pre-owned) vehicle. If so, it will be warranted to 100,000 miles and six years (from the original in-service date). If that's the case, you can get anything that might need attention fixed for free.
I'd recommend checking to see if the radiator has been recently replaced. They have a tendancy to fail after 50k-60k miles. Fortunately, BMW recently lowered the price on the radiators so you can get one for around $120, plus labor.
Listen for any kind of weird noises from the transmission. If its making a whining or whirring sound, particularly in the low gears during acceleration, check the transmission fluid filter to see if it was replaced with an aftermarket filter. The OEM filter is labeled "FILTRAN" on it. Anyting else can cause problems. I know because I had this problem recently on my own vehicle.
If the catalytic converters haven't been replaced, they'll probably need replacing soon, so brace for that. Aftermarket cats can be had for around $300 but their quality/endurance is an open question. The OEM cats can be had for around $660 (plus labor). Don't let a dealer sell you a $2,000 catalytic converter deal.
The front cupholder is poorly designed and subject to breaking easily. It costs $100 for the part and around 1.7 hours of labor to replace it. Be sure to keep your wood trim because the new part won't include it. I saw a lady get royally hacked off at a local dealer one day because she threw her broken cupholder away, then had to spend even more money for a new wood trim piece because it's not included.
The power steering hoses can leak, particularly on the older models. If you get the service records, check to see if they've been replaced. If so, you're in good shape.
The next time you get your oil changed, have the mechanic drop the oil pan and check for loose bolts on the oil pump. The BMW dealer may tell you its not necessary, but it is. Spending the extra $100 or so will be a cheap insurance policy against having a loose bolt get kicked up into your engine and destroying it.
With the miles you mentioned, several front-end components may be due for replacement, including thrust arms and bushings and the center tie rod. Fortunately, these parts aren't terribly expensive. If the seller isn't including them, buy your own parts (ALWAYS get OEM BMW parts) and use a qualified BMW repair shop to do the work and save some money. If the car has mostly highway miles, your shocks will probably be fine.
Other less critical but potentially expensive items to watch for include the commom "missing pixels" issue in the electronic displays (the instrument cluster and radio) and excessive wind noise from the sunroof (make sure all four "lift pads" are present under the car).
Welcome to the family!
These are terrific cars and will last a long time if properly maintained. Mostly, that means regular oil changes and inspections, so the first thing I would look for is service records. If you can't find them or they appear to be incomplete, take the VIN number of the car to your local BMW dealer and ask them to look up the service history. Unless they performed the work, they won't be able to give you much detail, but they can tell you which BMW dealer did it and you can contact them directly.
Also, while you're at the BMW dealer, ask them to check if the car is a CPO (certified pre-owned) vehicle. If so, it will be warranted to 100,000 miles and six years (from the original in-service date). If that's the case, you can get anything that might need attention fixed for free.
I'd recommend checking to see if the radiator has been recently replaced. They have a tendancy to fail after 50k-60k miles. Fortunately, BMW recently lowered the price on the radiators so you can get one for around $120, plus labor.
Listen for any kind of weird noises from the transmission. If its making a whining or whirring sound, particularly in the low gears during acceleration, check the transmission fluid filter to see if it was replaced with an aftermarket filter. The OEM filter is labeled "FILTRAN" on it. Anyting else can cause problems. I know because I had this problem recently on my own vehicle.
If the catalytic converters haven't been replaced, they'll probably need replacing soon, so brace for that. Aftermarket cats can be had for around $300 but their quality/endurance is an open question. The OEM cats can be had for around $660 (plus labor). Don't let a dealer sell you a $2,000 catalytic converter deal.
The front cupholder is poorly designed and subject to breaking easily. It costs $100 for the part and around 1.7 hours of labor to replace it. Be sure to keep your wood trim because the new part won't include it. I saw a lady get royally hacked off at a local dealer one day because she threw her broken cupholder away, then had to spend even more money for a new wood trim piece because it's not included.
The power steering hoses can leak, particularly on the older models. If you get the service records, check to see if they've been replaced. If so, you're in good shape.
The next time you get your oil changed, have the mechanic drop the oil pan and check for loose bolts on the oil pump. The BMW dealer may tell you its not necessary, but it is. Spending the extra $100 or so will be a cheap insurance policy against having a loose bolt get kicked up into your engine and destroying it.
With the miles you mentioned, several front-end components may be due for replacement, including thrust arms and bushings and the center tie rod. Fortunately, these parts aren't terribly expensive. If the seller isn't including them, buy your own parts (ALWAYS get OEM BMW parts) and use a qualified BMW repair shop to do the work and save some money. If the car has mostly highway miles, your shocks will probably be fine.
Other less critical but potentially expensive items to watch for include the commom "missing pixels" issue in the electronic displays (the instrument cluster and radio) and excessive wind noise from the sunroof (make sure all four "lift pads" are present under the car).
Welcome to the family!
2012 Honda Civic EX
2012 Honda Civic EX
Honda has never paid too much attention to how other car makers do things. In the past this led to many highly successful innovations. Today…well today we have the ninth-generation Civic, recently launched as an early 2012 model.
The eight-generation Civic was the most stylish to date. While not everyone was a fan, I personally liked the car’s tight proportions and smooth flowing curves. Still do. At the time I thought the 2006 Civic signaled a new emphasis on innovative yet tasteful design by Honda. The years since have proved me wrong. For the 2012 Civic, Honda has retained similar dimensions (though, reversing a decades-long trend, its wheelbase is 1.2 inches shorter). Some creases and angles have been added to the sedan to make it, in the words of the press release, “the most aerodynamically and aggressively styled models in the model’s history.” The side windows have been scrunched vertically and lengthened horizontally to outwardly express the increased roominess of the interior. The windowlette ahead of the door has shifted to the door itself, leaving a black plastic triangle where it used to be. At the rear edge of the side windows a crudely executed Hofmeister kink has been added. Overall, the new design is busier, less graceful, and simply much less attractive.
Honda claims that the revised interior “delivers more style and convenience than any other vehicle in [the] segment.” Yes, style is highly subjective. The instrument panel remains a bi-level affair, with the tach visible within the small steering wheel rim and the other instruments, including a new five-inch information display (you can upload your own background!), visible above it. This layout was my least favorite aspect of the 2006, and I have yet to warm to it (though some owners have told me they like it). Other car manufacturers used to copy Honda’s innovations. None of them have copied this layout. This might serve as a clue.
One thing I do like: the center stack is now aggressively canted towards the driver, classic BMW style, so you can easily see and reach the audio and HVAC controls. With the odd exception of the audio power switch, the buttons are fairly large. So while I can’t see the touted style, I can see the claimed convenience. But this does not justify the interior’s clunky styling, poor panel fits, and materials that vie with those in the 2011 VW Jetta for worst-in-class honors. The door panels include four different hard plastics. I couldn’t decide which of them is the worst. Probably the pebbly stuff above the armrest. Said armrest is pleasantly cushy, but it elicited a “crunch” when pressed. Even in the uplevel Civic EX the fabric appears chintzy. Honda needs to pay much closer attention to what GM, Ford, and Hyundai have been doing—the interiors of the Cruze, Focus, and (to a lesser but still large extent) Elantra are all far ahead. They might also consider following Chrysler’s lead and banishing light gray from the interior color palette.
Once upon a time the instrument panels in Hondas were compact and shockingly low. The rest of the industry studied its cars to figure out how they’d done it. Well, the bi-level monstrosity in the 2012 Civic is so tall that I had to crank the seat up a few clicks to comfortably see over it. The front seats are better than those in smaller Hondas because the headrests don’t jut quite as far forward. They also provide more lateral support than you’ll ever need given the nature of the car. In back, the cushion is comfortably high off the floor, but (in the sunroof-equipped EX) there’s only enough headroom for those up to 5-10. Both the cushion and floorboard are both nearly flat, to enhance comfort for a center passenger. There’s a little more rear legroom than before, but the seat’s width remains that of a compact sedan.
Even in EX trim the Civic tips the scales at 2,765 pounds, light for a compact sedan these days. The powertrain remains a 1.8-liter four good for 140 horsepower hitched to five-speed automatic (a manual is no longer offered in the EX, a six-speed automatic has yet to arrive). Even if you don’t engage “Eco” mode the powertrain’s responds in a leisurely fashion and performs adequately at best. The transmission upshifts quickly and sometimes seems indecisive. Like that in the Elantra and some other competitors, a “smart” alternator tries to do most of its charging during braking, and de-clutches much of the rest of the time. Partly because of this attempt to boost fuel economy, the brakes feel more than a little like those in a hybrid.
In fact, the entire driving experience is oddly similar to that in a Prius. In another fuel economy-oriented tweak, the steering is now electric assist on all Civics rather than just the Si and Hybrid. The new system feels artificial to the extent it feels like anything at all. Stability control, previously reserved for the EX-L and Si, is now standard across the line. But it should rarely come into play. The new Civic’s handling is predictable, stable, and safe. What it isn’t: fun. There’s quite a bit of lean when the wheel is turned. Even a Prius has a more direct, connected feel. Perhaps this shouldn’t come as a surprise, but even the weakest, most spartan Civics used to be fun cars.
The new Civic usually rides smoothly, but feels a little unsettled over some surfaces and never feels precisely damped the way a Ford Focus or Mazda3 does. At times the rear suspension sounds and feels like it’s bottoming out under minimal duress—even with no one in the back seat. Noise levels are lower than in the past. But even with its enhanced smoothness and quietness, the Civic lacks the premium sound and feel of the Cruze and Focus.
The major payoff of all the thrill-killing tweaks: the EPA ratings are up from 25/36 to 28/39—edging out the Ford Focus’s 28/38 and nearly matching the Hyundai Elantra’s 29/40. (To out-eco the Elantra, a Civic HF with 29/41 ratings is also offered.) To help you achieve these numbers, a pair of thick bars flanking the digital speedometer change color from blue to green when you’re behaving. There’s also a prominently placed instantaneous mpg display. The average fuel economy readout within the new information display is a bit of a bother, though. You must reset the trip odometer to reset it, and to do this you must dig through three menu levels using buttons on the steering wheel, and then dig your way back out. “Keep it simple” this isn’t.
The 2012 Honda Civic EX lists for $21,255, up $100 from the 2011 despite the addition of a few features, including stability control. But even though the 2012 is a better value than the 2011, you can get a superior, better-equipped car for the same or less from a number of other manufacturers. The most aggressively priced: a Hyundai Elantra Limited, with heated leather seats (in both rows!), lists for $20,700. A 2012 Ford Focus SE lists for about the same as the Honda when equipped with sunroof and alloy wheels, but is more fun to drive and feels like a much more expensive car.
Back in the 1970s and 1980s, the Honda Civic was so far ahead of its key competitors in responsiveness, handling, fuel economy, features, and reliability that owners became evangelists for the brand. The 1984 car was a design landmark whose influence continues 28 years later. Through the 1990s and into the 2000s the Civic was so fun to drive that an entire tuning industry sprung up around it.
It’s hard to see how the 2012 car could have inspired any of this passion. It’s a little roomier, and its fuel economy is the best yet for a run-of-the-mill Civic (if not quite best-in-class). But the design is clunky, the materials are cut-rate, and the driving experience is so dreadfully dull that even a Toyota Prius is a blast in comparison. Over the past few years Honda has repeatedly claimed to have remembered what made it great, and to be returning to those roots. While they’re at it, they might want to pay closer attention to what GM, Ford, and Hyundai have been up to. Perhaps this has happened, just not quite soon enough to help the new Civic. If so, we’ll be able to look back on the 2012 model year as a low point, after which the cars got better.
Mike Ulrey at Honda Bloomfield (MI) provided the car. An exceptionally helpful sales consultant, h
Honda has never paid too much attention to how other car makers do things. In the past this led to many highly successful innovations. Today…well today we have the ninth-generation Civic, recently launched as an early 2012 model.
The eight-generation Civic was the most stylish to date. While not everyone was a fan, I personally liked the car’s tight proportions and smooth flowing curves. Still do. At the time I thought the 2006 Civic signaled a new emphasis on innovative yet tasteful design by Honda. The years since have proved me wrong. For the 2012 Civic, Honda has retained similar dimensions (though, reversing a decades-long trend, its wheelbase is 1.2 inches shorter). Some creases and angles have been added to the sedan to make it, in the words of the press release, “the most aerodynamically and aggressively styled models in the model’s history.” The side windows have been scrunched vertically and lengthened horizontally to outwardly express the increased roominess of the interior. The windowlette ahead of the door has shifted to the door itself, leaving a black plastic triangle where it used to be. At the rear edge of the side windows a crudely executed Hofmeister kink has been added. Overall, the new design is busier, less graceful, and simply much less attractive.
Honda claims that the revised interior “delivers more style and convenience than any other vehicle in [the] segment.” Yes, style is highly subjective. The instrument panel remains a bi-level affair, with the tach visible within the small steering wheel rim and the other instruments, including a new five-inch information display (you can upload your own background!), visible above it. This layout was my least favorite aspect of the 2006, and I have yet to warm to it (though some owners have told me they like it). Other car manufacturers used to copy Honda’s innovations. None of them have copied this layout. This might serve as a clue.
One thing I do like: the center stack is now aggressively canted towards the driver, classic BMW style, so you can easily see and reach the audio and HVAC controls. With the odd exception of the audio power switch, the buttons are fairly large. So while I can’t see the touted style, I can see the claimed convenience. But this does not justify the interior’s clunky styling, poor panel fits, and materials that vie with those in the 2011 VW Jetta for worst-in-class honors. The door panels include four different hard plastics. I couldn’t decide which of them is the worst. Probably the pebbly stuff above the armrest. Said armrest is pleasantly cushy, but it elicited a “crunch” when pressed. Even in the uplevel Civic EX the fabric appears chintzy. Honda needs to pay much closer attention to what GM, Ford, and Hyundai have been doing—the interiors of the Cruze, Focus, and (to a lesser but still large extent) Elantra are all far ahead. They might also consider following Chrysler’s lead and banishing light gray from the interior color palette.
Once upon a time the instrument panels in Hondas were compact and shockingly low. The rest of the industry studied its cars to figure out how they’d done it. Well, the bi-level monstrosity in the 2012 Civic is so tall that I had to crank the seat up a few clicks to comfortably see over it. The front seats are better than those in smaller Hondas because the headrests don’t jut quite as far forward. They also provide more lateral support than you’ll ever need given the nature of the car. In back, the cushion is comfortably high off the floor, but (in the sunroof-equipped EX) there’s only enough headroom for those up to 5-10. Both the cushion and floorboard are both nearly flat, to enhance comfort for a center passenger. There’s a little more rear legroom than before, but the seat’s width remains that of a compact sedan.
Even in EX trim the Civic tips the scales at 2,765 pounds, light for a compact sedan these days. The powertrain remains a 1.8-liter four good for 140 horsepower hitched to five-speed automatic (a manual is no longer offered in the EX, a six-speed automatic has yet to arrive). Even if you don’t engage “Eco” mode the powertrain’s responds in a leisurely fashion and performs adequately at best. The transmission upshifts quickly and sometimes seems indecisive. Like that in the Elantra and some other competitors, a “smart” alternator tries to do most of its charging during braking, and de-clutches much of the rest of the time. Partly because of this attempt to boost fuel economy, the brakes feel more than a little like those in a hybrid.
In fact, the entire driving experience is oddly similar to that in a Prius. In another fuel economy-oriented tweak, the steering is now electric assist on all Civics rather than just the Si and Hybrid. The new system feels artificial to the extent it feels like anything at all. Stability control, previously reserved for the EX-L and Si, is now standard across the line. But it should rarely come into play. The new Civic’s handling is predictable, stable, and safe. What it isn’t: fun. There’s quite a bit of lean when the wheel is turned. Even a Prius has a more direct, connected feel. Perhaps this shouldn’t come as a surprise, but even the weakest, most spartan Civics used to be fun cars.
The new Civic usually rides smoothly, but feels a little unsettled over some surfaces and never feels precisely damped the way a Ford Focus or Mazda3 does. At times the rear suspension sounds and feels like it’s bottoming out under minimal duress—even with no one in the back seat. Noise levels are lower than in the past. But even with its enhanced smoothness and quietness, the Civic lacks the premium sound and feel of the Cruze and Focus.
The major payoff of all the thrill-killing tweaks: the EPA ratings are up from 25/36 to 28/39—edging out the Ford Focus’s 28/38 and nearly matching the Hyundai Elantra’s 29/40. (To out-eco the Elantra, a Civic HF with 29/41 ratings is also offered.) To help you achieve these numbers, a pair of thick bars flanking the digital speedometer change color from blue to green when you’re behaving. There’s also a prominently placed instantaneous mpg display. The average fuel economy readout within the new information display is a bit of a bother, though. You must reset the trip odometer to reset it, and to do this you must dig through three menu levels using buttons on the steering wheel, and then dig your way back out. “Keep it simple” this isn’t.
The 2012 Honda Civic EX lists for $21,255, up $100 from the 2011 despite the addition of a few features, including stability control. But even though the 2012 is a better value than the 2011, you can get a superior, better-equipped car for the same or less from a number of other manufacturers. The most aggressively priced: a Hyundai Elantra Limited, with heated leather seats (in both rows!), lists for $20,700. A 2012 Ford Focus SE lists for about the same as the Honda when equipped with sunroof and alloy wheels, but is more fun to drive and feels like a much more expensive car.
Back in the 1970s and 1980s, the Honda Civic was so far ahead of its key competitors in responsiveness, handling, fuel economy, features, and reliability that owners became evangelists for the brand. The 1984 car was a design landmark whose influence continues 28 years later. Through the 1990s and into the 2000s the Civic was so fun to drive that an entire tuning industry sprung up around it.
It’s hard to see how the 2012 car could have inspired any of this passion. It’s a little roomier, and its fuel economy is the best yet for a run-of-the-mill Civic (if not quite best-in-class). But the design is clunky, the materials are cut-rate, and the driving experience is so dreadfully dull that even a Toyota Prius is a blast in comparison. Over the past few years Honda has repeatedly claimed to have remembered what made it great, and to be returning to those roots. While they’re at it, they might want to pay closer attention to what GM, Ford, and Hyundai have been up to. Perhaps this has happened, just not quite soon enough to help the new Civic. If so, we’ll be able to look back on the 2012 model year as a low point, after which the cars got better.
Mike Ulrey at Honda Bloomfield (MI) provided the car. An exceptionally helpful sales consultant, h
Automotive Term Abbreviation Directory Table
Automotive Term Abbreviation Directory Table
Below is a directory that includes abbreviation terms that are related to the automotive field. Abbreviation terms are common in the car repair field to help facilitate system, parts, service and repair. These abbreviation are also used for various sensors and tools used for feedback data to the PCM and repair procedures accepted throughout the vehicles repair industry. The beginning letter should match the first letter used in the term you are inquiring about. Understanding car related abbreviations, trouble codes, and diagrams is an important part in understanding the definition or description of a particular word, diagnostic trouble code or illustration.
This information can be useful and is sometimes mandatory in the process of finding the source of the car problem. Once the abbreviation has a definition connected to it the meaning becomes clear and the repair or diagnosis can continue. For example: if a technician has informed you that you have had a malfunction in the ABS system of your car there is no way to tell what he or she is talking about. After looking up the "ABS" abbreviation you will find that the technician is referring to the anti-lock brake system of your car.
The abbreviations for the automotive terms that start with the letters "A through Z". These terms are used to provide the most popular term associated with the letter beginning with these letters. Most manufacturers have adopted a "common usage" style of identification that is used to avoid confusion. Definitions below are the most recognized terms available for the abbreviation used in the car repair field to date. Over time abbreviations can change and when they do we update this page to industry standards. As the car manufacturing process evolves new terms can be added or existing ones can be updated to reflect the new meaning of the abbreviation. Abbreviations have become a standard throughout many industries such as medical, construction, architecture and more.
Each of these industries might have the same abbreviations but they could have different meanings. Never assume the definition of any car term because every industry is different. The difference between abbreviation can be extreme for example: KS in the auto repair field means "kilovolt", whereas KS means "K member support" in the construction field. If these terms below obviously do not pertain to your car problem some car manufacturers have unique meanings and specific inquires are required to the manufacturer. When an abbreviation is presented it can be confusing unless the one, two, three or four letter code is identified. In some instances there are multiple entries for a particular abbreviation. In this case we have listed them from most popular to least popular. Please follow the tables below:
"A" Car Term Abbreviations
A - Amperes
ABS - Anti-Lock Brakes
ABRS - Air Bag Restraint System
AC - Alternating Current
A/C - Air Conditioning
ACCS - A/C Cycling Switch
ACCUM - Accumulator
ACCY - Accessory
ACT - Air Charge Temperature Sensor
ADJ - Adjust or Adjustable
ADV - Advance
AFS - Airflow Sensor
A/F - Air/Fuel Ratio
AI - Air Injection
AIR or A.I.R. - Air Injection Reactor
AIS - Air Injection System
Alt. - Alternator or Altitude
ALDL - Assembly Line Data Link
Amp - /amp/amps: Ampere
APS - Absolute Pressure Sensor
ASCS - Air Suction Control Solenoid
ASD - Auto Shutdown
ASDM - Air Bag System Diagnostic Module
ASV - Air Suction Valve
A/T - Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
ATC - Automatic Temperature Control
ATDC - After Top Dead Center
ATF - Automatic Transmission Fluid
ATS - Air Temperature Sensor
AWD - All Wheel Drive
Aux. - Auxiliary
Avg. - Average
AXOD - Automatic Transaxle Overdrive (Ford Models Only)
"B" Term Abbreviations for Cars
B+ - Battery Positive Voltage
BAC - By-Pass Air Control
BAP - Barometric Absolute Pressure Sensor
BARO - Barometric
Batt. - Battery
Bbl. - Barrel (Example: 4-Bbl.)
BCM - Body Control Module
BHP - Brake Horsepower
BMAP - Barometric and Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
BOO - Brake On-Off Switch
B/P - Backpressure
BPS - Barometric Pressure Sensor
BPT - Backpressure Transducer
BTDC - Before Top Dead Center
BTU - British Thermal Unit
BVSV - Bimetallic Vacuum Switching Valve
Auto Terms that Start with the letter "C"
C - Celsius (Degrees)
Calif. - California
CAN - Controller Area Network
CANP - Canister Purge
CAS - Crank Angle Sensor
CARB - California Air Resources Board
CAT - Catalytic Converter
CB - Circuit Breaker
CBD - Closed Bowl Distributor
CC - cubic centimeter
CCC - Computer Command Control
CCD - Computer Controlled Dwell
CCOT - Cycling Clutch Orifice Tube
CCW - Counterclockwise
CDI - Capacitor Discharge Ignition
CEC - Computerized Engine Control
CID - Cubic Inch Displacement
CM - Centimeter
CMP - Camshaft Position Sensor
CO - Carbon Monoxide
CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
Cont. - Continued
CONV - Convertible
CP - Canister Purge
CKP - Crankshaft Position Sensor
COP - Coil On Plug Ignition
CPI - Central Port Injection
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CSSA - Cold Start Spark Advance
CSSH - Cold Start Spark Hold
CTS - Coolant Temperature Sensor
CTVS - Choke Thermal Vacuum Switch
Cu. In. - Cubic Inch
CVC - Constant Vacuum Control
CVR - Control Vacuum Regulator
CV - Check Valve or Constant Velocity
CW - Clockwise
CYL or Cyl. - Cylinder
C3I - Computer Controlled Coil Ignition
C4 - Computer Controlled Catalytic Converter
Auto abbreviations starting with the letter "D"
D - Drive
dB - Decibels
DC - Direct Current Or Discharge
DDD - Dual Diaphragm Distributor
Def. - Defrost
Defog. - Defogger
DEFI - Digital Electronic Fuel Injection
DERM - Diagnostic Energy Reserve Module
DFI - Digital Fuel Injection
DFS - Deceleration Fuel Shutoff
Diag. - Diagnostic
DIC - Driver Information Center
DIS - Distributorless Ignition System
DIST - Distribution
DLC - Data Link Connector
DMM - Digital Multi Meter
DOHC - Double Overhead Cam
DTC - Diagnostic Trouble Code
DOT - Department of Transportation
DRB-II - Diagnostic Readout Box
DVOM - Digital Volt-Ohmmeter
Vehicle Abbreviation Terms beginning with the letter "E"
E2PROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EACV - Electronic Air Control Valve
EBCM - Electronic Brake Control Module
EBL - Electronic Back Light
EBM - Electronic Body Module
ECA - Electronic Control Assembly
ECM - Engine Control Module (sometimes referred to as PCM powertrain control module)
ECT - Engine Coolant Temperature
ECU - Electronic Control Unit
EDIS - Electronic Distributorless Ignition System
EEC - Electronic Engine Control
EECS - Evaporative Emission Control System
EEPROM - Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
E2PROM - Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFC - Electronic Fuel Control
EFCA - Electronic Fuel Control Assembly
EFE - Early Fuel Evaporation
EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection
EGO - Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor
EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGRPS - EGR Valve Position Sensor
EGRT - EGR Temperature
EI - Electronic Ignition
EMI - Electromagnetic Interference
EMR - Electronic Module Retard
EOS - Exhaust Oxygen Sensor
EOBD - European Onboard Diagnostics
EPOS - EGR Valve Position Sensor
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (chip)
ESA - Electronic Spark Advance
ESC - Electronic Spark Control
EST - Electronic Spark Timing
ETC - Electronic Throttle Control
EVAP - Evaporative Emission System
EVIC - Electronic Vehicle Information Center
EVP - EGR Valve Position
Exc. - Except
Automobile Terms for the Abbreviation Starting with the Letter "F"
F - Fahrenheit
F/B - Fuse Block
FBC - Feedback Carburetor System
FBCA - Feedback Carburetor Actuator
FCS - Fuel Control Solenoid
Fed - Federal
FDC - Fuel Deceleration Valve
FI - Fuel Injection
FIPL - Fuel Injector Pump Lever
FPR-VSV - Fuel Pressure Regulator Vacuum Switching Valve
FLS - Fluid Level Sensor
ft.lb. - Foot Pound
FWD - Front-Wheel Drive
Car Abbreviation Starting with the Letter "G"
G - Grams
GALS - Gallon
GDI - Gasoline Direct Injection
GEN - Generator
GND or GRND - Ground
GPEC - Global Powertrain Engine Controller
GPM - Grams Per Mile
GPS - Global Positioning System
GVW - Gross Vehicle Weight
Vehicle Abbreviation Term Definitions starting with the letter "H"
H20 - Water
HAC - High Altitude Compensation
HC - Hydrocarbons
H/D - Heavy Duty
HEGO - Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor
HEI - High Energy Ignition
Hg - Mercury
HGT - Height
HLDT - Headlight
HO - High Output
HO2S - Heated Oxygen Sensor
HP - High Performance or Horsepower
HSC - High Swirl Combustion
HSO - High Specific Output
HT - High Tension
HTR - Heater
Hz - Hertz(Cycles Per Second)
Vehicle Term Abbreviations starting with "I"
IACV - Idle Air Control Valve
IAT - Intake Air Temperature
IATS - Intake Air Temperature Sensor
IC - Integrated Circuit
ICM - Ignition Control Module
ICS - Idle Control Solenoid
I.D. - Inside Diameter
ID - Identification
IFI - Indirect Fuel Injection
IGN - Ignition
In. - Inches
Inch Lbs. - Inch Pounds
in. Hg - Inches of Mercury
Inj. - Injector
IMRC - Intake Manifold Runner Control
IP - Instrument Panel
ISC - Idle Speed Control
ISO - International Standards Organization
ITCS - Ignition Timing Control System
ITS - Idle Tracking Switch
IVSV - Idle Vacuum Switching Valve
Car Repair Terms Starting with the letter "J"
JAS - Jet Air System
J/B - Junction Block
JTEC - Jeep Truck Engine Controller
Automobile Abbreviation Terms Starting with "K"
KAPWR - Keep Alive Power
k/ohms - kilo-ohms (1000 ohms)
kg - kilograms (weight)
kg/cm - Kilograms Per Square Centimeter
kHz - Kilohertz
Km - Kilometers
KM/H - Kilometers Per Hour
KOEC - Key On, Engine Cranking
KOEO - Key On, Engine Off
KOER - Key On, Engine Running
kPa - Kilopascals
KS - Knock Sensor
kV - Kilovolt
kW - Kilowatt
Automobile Repair Abbreviation Terms Starting with the Letter "L"
L - Liter
lbs. - Pounds
lb./ft. - Pound Feet
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
L/D - Light Duty
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LHD - Left-Hand Drive
LTFT - Long Term Fuel Trim
LWB - Long Wheel-Base
Vehicle Abbreviation Starting with "M"
mA - Milliamps
MA/MAF - Mass Air Flow
MAFS - Mass Air Flow Sensor
MAP - Manifold Absolute Pressure
MAT - Manifold Air Temperature
MCS - Mixture Control Solenoid
MCT - Manifold Charge Temperature
Mem. - Memory
MEM/CAL - Memory Calibration Chip
mfd. - Microfarads
MFI - Multiport Fuel Injection
MIL - Malfunction Indicator Light
mm - Millimeters
MPG - Miles Per Gallon
MPH - Miles Per Hour
MPI - Multi-Point (Fuel) Injection
MPV - Multi-Purpose Vehicle
ms - Millisecond
mV - Millivolts
Auto Abbreviation Beginning with "N"
NA - Not Available
NGC - New Generation Controller
NGS - New Generation Star
N.m - Newton Meter
No. - Number
Nos. - Numbers
NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen
NVRAM - Nonvolatile Random Access Memory
Car Abbreviation Beginning with the Letter "O"
O2 - Oxygen
O2S - Oxygen Sensor
OBD - On-board Diagnostics
OBD I - On-board Diagnostics One
OBD II - On-board Diagnostics Two
OBD III - On-board Diagnostics Three
OC - Oxidation Catalyst
OD - Overdrive
O.D. - Outside Diameter
OE - Original Equipment
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer
OHC - Over Head Camshaft
OHV - Over Head Valve
O/S - Oversize
OS - Oxygen Sensor
oz. - Ounce
ozs. - Ounces
Automobile Repair Abbreviation Terms Starting with the Letter "P"
P - Park
P/B - Power Bakes
P/C - Printed Circuit
P/N - Part Number
PA - Pressure Air
PAIR - Pulsed Secondary Air Injection
PAS - Power-Assisted Steering
PCM - Powertrain Control Module (sometimes referred to as ECM engine control module)
PCS/PC/SOL - Purge Control Solenoid
PCV - Positive Crankcase Ventilation
PECV - Power Enrichment Control Valve
PFI - Port Fuel Injection
PGM-FI - Programmed Fuel Injection
PID - Parameter Identification
PIP - Profile ignition pick-up
PNP - Park Neutral Position Switch
P/N - Park/Neutral
PPM - Parts Per Million
PRNDL - Park Reverse Neutral Drive Low
PROM - Program Read Only Memory (chip)
P/S - Power Steering
PSI - Pounds Per Square Inch
PSP - Power Steering Pressure
PSPS - Power Steering Pressure Switch
pts. - Pints
PTC - Pending Trouble Code
PTC - Positive temperature coefficient Additional : This is applied to the way the resistance of a thermistor varies with temperature. In this case, the resistance will increase as the temperature raises
PTO - Power Take-Off
Pwr. - Power
PWR - Power to Weight Ratio
Vehicle Abbreviation Terms beginning with the letter "Q"
Qts. - Quarts
Auto Term Abbreviations Starting with the letter "R"
R/A - Resume or Accelerate
RABS - Rear Anti-lock Brake System
RAC - Remote Accessory Controller
RAM - Random Access Memory
RAM - Ride Air Module
RAM - Remote Anti-theft Module
RAP - Retained Access Power
RAV - Remote Activation Verification
RBC - Rotary Blade Coupling
RCC - Rear Climate Control
RCC - Remote Climate Control
RCM - Restraint Control Module
RCDLR - Remote Control Door Lock Receiver
RDCM - Right Door Control Module
RDM - Rear Door Module
RDS - Radio (broadcast) Data System
RDS - Radio Display System
REC - Receive
RECAL - Recalibrate, Recalibration
RECIRC - Recirculation
RECIS - Remote Entry Control and Immobilizer System
REDOX - Reduction Oxidation Catalytic Converter
REEGR - Rotary Electric EGR
REF - Reference
RESC - Remote Emergency Satellite Unit
REX - Rear Exchanger
RF - Radio Frequency
RF - Right Front
RFA - Remote Function Actuator
RFF - Roller Finger Followers
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RFWS - Right Front Wheel Speed
RH - Right Hand
RIM - Radio Interface Module
RIM - Rear Integration Module
RKE - Remote Keyless Entry
Rly - Relay
RM - Relay Module
RMD - Right Mid Door
ROM - Read Only Memory
RPA - Rear Parking Assist
RPM - Revolutions Per Minute
RPM - Remote Power Module
RPO - Regular Production Option
R&R - Remove and Replace
RR - Right Rear
RRD - Right Rear Door
RSA - Rear Seat Audio
RSC - Roll Stability Control
RSS - Reverse Sensing System
RSS - Road Sensing Suspension
R/T - Road/Track
RT - Right
RTC - Real?Time Clock
RTD - Real Time Dampening
RTN - Return
RTT - Reconfigurable Telltale
RTTP - Rotunda Technician Tool Program
RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
RV - Recreational Vehicle
RVAC - Rear Video/Audi/HVAC Module
RVP - Reid Vapor Pressure
RWAL - Rear Wheel Anti-lock
RWD - Rear Wheel Drive
RWS - Rear Wheel Steer
Abbreviations Starting with the letter "S" for Automobiles
SBC - Single Bed Converter
SBD - Strategy Base Diagnostics
SBEC - Single Board Engine Controller
SC - Supercharged
SEFI - Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection
SES - Service Engine Soon (light)
SFI - Sequential (Port) Fuel Injection
SIL - Shift Indicator Light
SIR - Supplemental Inflatable Restraint
SIPS - Side Impact Protection System
SOHC - Single Overhead Cam
SPFI - Sequential Port Fuel Injection
SPOUT - Spark Output
SPK - Spark Control
SOL/Sol. - Solenoid
SRI - Service Reminder Indicator
SRS - Secondary Restraint System
SRS - Supplemental Restraint System (air bag)
SRT - System Readiness Test
SS - Speed Sensor
SSI - Solid State Ignition
STAR - Self-Test Automatic Readout
STFT - Short Term Fuel Trim
STO - Self-Test Output
SUB-O2 - Sub Oxygen Sensor
Sw. - Switch
SWB - Short Wheel-Base
Sys. - System
Abbreviations Beginning with the Letter "T" for Autos
TAB - Thermactor Air By-Pass
TAD - Thermactor Air Diverter
TACH - Tachometer
TB - Throttle Body
TBI - Throttle Body Injection
TC - Turbocharged
TCC - Torque Converter Clutch
TCM - Transmission or Transaxle Control Module
TCS - Traction control solenoid (SAAB 9000)
TD - Turbo Diesel
TDC - Top Dead Center
TDI - Turbo Direct Injection (A turbo charged direct injected diesel engine)
Temp. - Temperature
TFI - Thick Film Ignition
THERMAC - Thermostatic Air Cleaner
TIV - Thermactor Idle Vacuum Valve
TKS - Throttle Kicker Solenoid
TPI - Tuned Port Injection
TPP - Throttle Position Potentiometer
TPS - Throttle Position Sensor/Switch
TPT - Throttle Position Transducer
TS - Temperature Sensor
TSP - Throttle Solenoid Positioner
TV - Throttle Valve
TV - Thermovalve
TVS - Thermal Vacuum Switch
TWC - Three Way Catalyst
TWC+OC - Three Way + Oxidation Catalytic Converter
Abbreviations Starting with the letter "V" for Vehicles
V - Valve
Vac. - Vacuum
VAF - Vane Airflow
VAPS - Variable Assist Power Steering
VCC - Viscous Converter Clutch
VCRM - Variable Control Relay Module
VIN - Vehicle Identification Number
VM - Vacuum Modulator
VOLT. - Voltage
VOM - Volt-Ohmmeter (Analog)
VRV - Vacuum Regulator Valve
VSS - Vehicle Speed Sensor
VSV - Vacuum Switching Valve
VVC - Variable Valve Control
Below is a directory that includes abbreviation terms that are related to the automotive field. Abbreviation terms are common in the car repair field to help facilitate system, parts, service and repair. These abbreviation are also used for various sensors and tools used for feedback data to the PCM and repair procedures accepted throughout the vehicles repair industry. The beginning letter should match the first letter used in the term you are inquiring about. Understanding car related abbreviations, trouble codes, and diagrams is an important part in understanding the definition or description of a particular word, diagnostic trouble code or illustration.
This information can be useful and is sometimes mandatory in the process of finding the source of the car problem. Once the abbreviation has a definition connected to it the meaning becomes clear and the repair or diagnosis can continue. For example: if a technician has informed you that you have had a malfunction in the ABS system of your car there is no way to tell what he or she is talking about. After looking up the "ABS" abbreviation you will find that the technician is referring to the anti-lock brake system of your car.
The abbreviations for the automotive terms that start with the letters "A through Z". These terms are used to provide the most popular term associated with the letter beginning with these letters. Most manufacturers have adopted a "common usage" style of identification that is used to avoid confusion. Definitions below are the most recognized terms available for the abbreviation used in the car repair field to date. Over time abbreviations can change and when they do we update this page to industry standards. As the car manufacturing process evolves new terms can be added or existing ones can be updated to reflect the new meaning of the abbreviation. Abbreviations have become a standard throughout many industries such as medical, construction, architecture and more.
Each of these industries might have the same abbreviations but they could have different meanings. Never assume the definition of any car term because every industry is different. The difference between abbreviation can be extreme for example: KS in the auto repair field means "kilovolt", whereas KS means "K member support" in the construction field. If these terms below obviously do not pertain to your car problem some car manufacturers have unique meanings and specific inquires are required to the manufacturer. When an abbreviation is presented it can be confusing unless the one, two, three or four letter code is identified. In some instances there are multiple entries for a particular abbreviation. In this case we have listed them from most popular to least popular. Please follow the tables below:
"A" Car Term Abbreviations
A - Amperes
ABS - Anti-Lock Brakes
ABRS - Air Bag Restraint System
AC - Alternating Current
A/C - Air Conditioning
ACCS - A/C Cycling Switch
ACCUM - Accumulator
ACCY - Accessory
ACT - Air Charge Temperature Sensor
ADJ - Adjust or Adjustable
ADV - Advance
AFS - Airflow Sensor
A/F - Air/Fuel Ratio
AI - Air Injection
AIR or A.I.R. - Air Injection Reactor
AIS - Air Injection System
Alt. - Alternator or Altitude
ALDL - Assembly Line Data Link
Amp - /amp/amps: Ampere
APS - Absolute Pressure Sensor
ASCS - Air Suction Control Solenoid
ASD - Auto Shutdown
ASDM - Air Bag System Diagnostic Module
ASV - Air Suction Valve
A/T - Automatic Transmission/Transaxle
ATC - Automatic Temperature Control
ATDC - After Top Dead Center
ATF - Automatic Transmission Fluid
ATS - Air Temperature Sensor
AWD - All Wheel Drive
Aux. - Auxiliary
Avg. - Average
AXOD - Automatic Transaxle Overdrive (Ford Models Only)
"B" Term Abbreviations for Cars
B+ - Battery Positive Voltage
BAC - By-Pass Air Control
BAP - Barometric Absolute Pressure Sensor
BARO - Barometric
Batt. - Battery
Bbl. - Barrel (Example: 4-Bbl.)
BCM - Body Control Module
BHP - Brake Horsepower
BMAP - Barometric and Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
BOO - Brake On-Off Switch
B/P - Backpressure
BPS - Barometric Pressure Sensor
BPT - Backpressure Transducer
BTDC - Before Top Dead Center
BTU - British Thermal Unit
BVSV - Bimetallic Vacuum Switching Valve
Auto Terms that Start with the letter "C"
C - Celsius (Degrees)
Calif. - California
CAN - Controller Area Network
CANP - Canister Purge
CAS - Crank Angle Sensor
CARB - California Air Resources Board
CAT - Catalytic Converter
CB - Circuit Breaker
CBD - Closed Bowl Distributor
CC - cubic centimeter
CCC - Computer Command Control
CCD - Computer Controlled Dwell
CCOT - Cycling Clutch Orifice Tube
CCW - Counterclockwise
CDI - Capacitor Discharge Ignition
CEC - Computerized Engine Control
CID - Cubic Inch Displacement
CM - Centimeter
CMP - Camshaft Position Sensor
CO - Carbon Monoxide
CO2 - Carbon Dioxide
Cont. - Continued
CONV - Convertible
CP - Canister Purge
CKP - Crankshaft Position Sensor
COP - Coil On Plug Ignition
CPI - Central Port Injection
CPU - Central Processing Unit
CSSA - Cold Start Spark Advance
CSSH - Cold Start Spark Hold
CTS - Coolant Temperature Sensor
CTVS - Choke Thermal Vacuum Switch
Cu. In. - Cubic Inch
CVC - Constant Vacuum Control
CVR - Control Vacuum Regulator
CV - Check Valve or Constant Velocity
CW - Clockwise
CYL or Cyl. - Cylinder
C3I - Computer Controlled Coil Ignition
C4 - Computer Controlled Catalytic Converter
Auto abbreviations starting with the letter "D"
D - Drive
dB - Decibels
DC - Direct Current Or Discharge
DDD - Dual Diaphragm Distributor
Def. - Defrost
Defog. - Defogger
DEFI - Digital Electronic Fuel Injection
DERM - Diagnostic Energy Reserve Module
DFI - Digital Fuel Injection
DFS - Deceleration Fuel Shutoff
Diag. - Diagnostic
DIC - Driver Information Center
DIS - Distributorless Ignition System
DIST - Distribution
DLC - Data Link Connector
DMM - Digital Multi Meter
DOHC - Double Overhead Cam
DTC - Diagnostic Trouble Code
DOT - Department of Transportation
DRB-II - Diagnostic Readout Box
DVOM - Digital Volt-Ohmmeter
Vehicle Abbreviation Terms beginning with the letter "E"
E2PROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EACV - Electronic Air Control Valve
EBCM - Electronic Brake Control Module
EBL - Electronic Back Light
EBM - Electronic Body Module
ECA - Electronic Control Assembly
ECM - Engine Control Module (sometimes referred to as PCM powertrain control module)
ECT - Engine Coolant Temperature
ECU - Electronic Control Unit
EDIS - Electronic Distributorless Ignition System
EEC - Electronic Engine Control
EECS - Evaporative Emission Control System
EEPROM - Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
E2PROM - Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFC - Electronic Fuel Control
EFCA - Electronic Fuel Control Assembly
EFE - Early Fuel Evaporation
EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection
EGO - Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor
EGR - Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGRPS - EGR Valve Position Sensor
EGRT - EGR Temperature
EI - Electronic Ignition
EMI - Electromagnetic Interference
EMR - Electronic Module Retard
EOS - Exhaust Oxygen Sensor
EOBD - European Onboard Diagnostics
EPOS - EGR Valve Position Sensor
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (chip)
ESA - Electronic Spark Advance
ESC - Electronic Spark Control
EST - Electronic Spark Timing
ETC - Electronic Throttle Control
EVAP - Evaporative Emission System
EVIC - Electronic Vehicle Information Center
EVP - EGR Valve Position
Exc. - Except
Automobile Terms for the Abbreviation Starting with the Letter "F"
F - Fahrenheit
F/B - Fuse Block
FBC - Feedback Carburetor System
FBCA - Feedback Carburetor Actuator
FCS - Fuel Control Solenoid
Fed - Federal
FDC - Fuel Deceleration Valve
FI - Fuel Injection
FIPL - Fuel Injector Pump Lever
FPR-VSV - Fuel Pressure Regulator Vacuum Switching Valve
FLS - Fluid Level Sensor
ft.lb. - Foot Pound
FWD - Front-Wheel Drive
Car Abbreviation Starting with the Letter "G"
G - Grams
GALS - Gallon
GDI - Gasoline Direct Injection
GEN - Generator
GND or GRND - Ground
GPEC - Global Powertrain Engine Controller
GPM - Grams Per Mile
GPS - Global Positioning System
GVW - Gross Vehicle Weight
Vehicle Abbreviation Term Definitions starting with the letter "H"
H20 - Water
HAC - High Altitude Compensation
HC - Hydrocarbons
H/D - Heavy Duty
HEGO - Heated Exhaust Gas Oxygen Sensor
HEI - High Energy Ignition
Hg - Mercury
HGT - Height
HLDT - Headlight
HO - High Output
HO2S - Heated Oxygen Sensor
HP - High Performance or Horsepower
HSC - High Swirl Combustion
HSO - High Specific Output
HT - High Tension
HTR - Heater
Hz - Hertz(Cycles Per Second)
Vehicle Term Abbreviations starting with "I"
IACV - Idle Air Control Valve
IAT - Intake Air Temperature
IATS - Intake Air Temperature Sensor
IC - Integrated Circuit
ICM - Ignition Control Module
ICS - Idle Control Solenoid
I.D. - Inside Diameter
ID - Identification
IFI - Indirect Fuel Injection
IGN - Ignition
In. - Inches
Inch Lbs. - Inch Pounds
in. Hg - Inches of Mercury
Inj. - Injector
IMRC - Intake Manifold Runner Control
IP - Instrument Panel
ISC - Idle Speed Control
ISO - International Standards Organization
ITCS - Ignition Timing Control System
ITS - Idle Tracking Switch
IVSV - Idle Vacuum Switching Valve
Car Repair Terms Starting with the letter "J"
JAS - Jet Air System
J/B - Junction Block
JTEC - Jeep Truck Engine Controller
Automobile Abbreviation Terms Starting with "K"
KAPWR - Keep Alive Power
k/ohms - kilo-ohms (1000 ohms)
kg - kilograms (weight)
kg/cm - Kilograms Per Square Centimeter
kHz - Kilohertz
Km - Kilometers
KM/H - Kilometers Per Hour
KOEC - Key On, Engine Cranking
KOEO - Key On, Engine Off
KOER - Key On, Engine Running
kPa - Kilopascals
KS - Knock Sensor
kV - Kilovolt
kW - Kilowatt
Automobile Repair Abbreviation Terms Starting with the Letter "L"
L - Liter
lbs. - Pounds
lb./ft. - Pound Feet
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
L/D - Light Duty
LED - Light Emitting Diode
LHD - Left-Hand Drive
LTFT - Long Term Fuel Trim
LWB - Long Wheel-Base
Vehicle Abbreviation Starting with "M"
mA - Milliamps
MA/MAF - Mass Air Flow
MAFS - Mass Air Flow Sensor
MAP - Manifold Absolute Pressure
MAT - Manifold Air Temperature
MCS - Mixture Control Solenoid
MCT - Manifold Charge Temperature
Mem. - Memory
MEM/CAL - Memory Calibration Chip
mfd. - Microfarads
MFI - Multiport Fuel Injection
MIL - Malfunction Indicator Light
mm - Millimeters
MPG - Miles Per Gallon
MPH - Miles Per Hour
MPI - Multi-Point (Fuel) Injection
MPV - Multi-Purpose Vehicle
ms - Millisecond
mV - Millivolts
Auto Abbreviation Beginning with "N"
NA - Not Available
NGC - New Generation Controller
NGS - New Generation Star
N.m - Newton Meter
No. - Number
Nos. - Numbers
NOx - Oxides of Nitrogen
NVRAM - Nonvolatile Random Access Memory
Car Abbreviation Beginning with the Letter "O"
O2 - Oxygen
O2S - Oxygen Sensor
OBD - On-board Diagnostics
OBD I - On-board Diagnostics One
OBD II - On-board Diagnostics Two
OBD III - On-board Diagnostics Three
OC - Oxidation Catalyst
OD - Overdrive
O.D. - Outside Diameter
OE - Original Equipment
OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer
OHC - Over Head Camshaft
OHV - Over Head Valve
O/S - Oversize
OS - Oxygen Sensor
oz. - Ounce
ozs. - Ounces
Automobile Repair Abbreviation Terms Starting with the Letter "P"
P - Park
P/B - Power Bakes
P/C - Printed Circuit
P/N - Part Number
PA - Pressure Air
PAIR - Pulsed Secondary Air Injection
PAS - Power-Assisted Steering
PCM - Powertrain Control Module (sometimes referred to as ECM engine control module)
PCS/PC/SOL - Purge Control Solenoid
PCV - Positive Crankcase Ventilation
PECV - Power Enrichment Control Valve
PFI - Port Fuel Injection
PGM-FI - Programmed Fuel Injection
PID - Parameter Identification
PIP - Profile ignition pick-up
PNP - Park Neutral Position Switch
P/N - Park/Neutral
PPM - Parts Per Million
PRNDL - Park Reverse Neutral Drive Low
PROM - Program Read Only Memory (chip)
P/S - Power Steering
PSI - Pounds Per Square Inch
PSP - Power Steering Pressure
PSPS - Power Steering Pressure Switch
pts. - Pints
PTC - Pending Trouble Code
PTC - Positive temperature coefficient Additional : This is applied to the way the resistance of a thermistor varies with temperature. In this case, the resistance will increase as the temperature raises
PTO - Power Take-Off
Pwr. - Power
PWR - Power to Weight Ratio
Vehicle Abbreviation Terms beginning with the letter "Q"
Qts. - Quarts
Auto Term Abbreviations Starting with the letter "R"
R/A - Resume or Accelerate
RABS - Rear Anti-lock Brake System
RAC - Remote Accessory Controller
RAM - Random Access Memory
RAM - Ride Air Module
RAM - Remote Anti-theft Module
RAP - Retained Access Power
RAV - Remote Activation Verification
RBC - Rotary Blade Coupling
RCC - Rear Climate Control
RCC - Remote Climate Control
RCM - Restraint Control Module
RCDLR - Remote Control Door Lock Receiver
RDCM - Right Door Control Module
RDM - Rear Door Module
RDS - Radio (broadcast) Data System
RDS - Radio Display System
REC - Receive
RECAL - Recalibrate, Recalibration
RECIRC - Recirculation
RECIS - Remote Entry Control and Immobilizer System
REDOX - Reduction Oxidation Catalytic Converter
REEGR - Rotary Electric EGR
REF - Reference
RESC - Remote Emergency Satellite Unit
REX - Rear Exchanger
RF - Radio Frequency
RF - Right Front
RFA - Remote Function Actuator
RFF - Roller Finger Followers
RFI - Radio Frequency Interference
RFID - Radio Frequency Identification
RFWS - Right Front Wheel Speed
RH - Right Hand
RIM - Radio Interface Module
RIM - Rear Integration Module
RKE - Remote Keyless Entry
Rly - Relay
RM - Relay Module
RMD - Right Mid Door
ROM - Read Only Memory
RPA - Rear Parking Assist
RPM - Revolutions Per Minute
RPM - Remote Power Module
RPO - Regular Production Option
R&R - Remove and Replace
RR - Right Rear
RRD - Right Rear Door
RSA - Rear Seat Audio
RSC - Roll Stability Control
RSS - Reverse Sensing System
RSS - Road Sensing Suspension
R/T - Road/Track
RT - Right
RTC - Real?Time Clock
RTD - Real Time Dampening
RTN - Return
RTT - Reconfigurable Telltale
RTTP - Rotunda Technician Tool Program
RTV - Room Temperature Vulcanizing
RV - Recreational Vehicle
RVAC - Rear Video/Audi/HVAC Module
RVP - Reid Vapor Pressure
RWAL - Rear Wheel Anti-lock
RWD - Rear Wheel Drive
RWS - Rear Wheel Steer
Abbreviations Starting with the letter "S" for Automobiles
SBC - Single Bed Converter
SBD - Strategy Base Diagnostics
SBEC - Single Board Engine Controller
SC - Supercharged
SEFI - Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection
SES - Service Engine Soon (light)
SFI - Sequential (Port) Fuel Injection
SIL - Shift Indicator Light
SIR - Supplemental Inflatable Restraint
SIPS - Side Impact Protection System
SOHC - Single Overhead Cam
SPFI - Sequential Port Fuel Injection
SPOUT - Spark Output
SPK - Spark Control
SOL/Sol. - Solenoid
SRI - Service Reminder Indicator
SRS - Secondary Restraint System
SRS - Supplemental Restraint System (air bag)
SRT - System Readiness Test
SS - Speed Sensor
SSI - Solid State Ignition
STAR - Self-Test Automatic Readout
STFT - Short Term Fuel Trim
STO - Self-Test Output
SUB-O2 - Sub Oxygen Sensor
Sw. - Switch
SWB - Short Wheel-Base
Sys. - System
Abbreviations Beginning with the Letter "T" for Autos
TAB - Thermactor Air By-Pass
TAD - Thermactor Air Diverter
TACH - Tachometer
TB - Throttle Body
TBI - Throttle Body Injection
TC - Turbocharged
TCC - Torque Converter Clutch
TCM - Transmission or Transaxle Control Module
TCS - Traction control solenoid (SAAB 9000)
TD - Turbo Diesel
TDC - Top Dead Center
TDI - Turbo Direct Injection (A turbo charged direct injected diesel engine)
Temp. - Temperature
TFI - Thick Film Ignition
THERMAC - Thermostatic Air Cleaner
TIV - Thermactor Idle Vacuum Valve
TKS - Throttle Kicker Solenoid
TPI - Tuned Port Injection
TPP - Throttle Position Potentiometer
TPS - Throttle Position Sensor/Switch
TPT - Throttle Position Transducer
TS - Temperature Sensor
TSP - Throttle Solenoid Positioner
TV - Throttle Valve
TV - Thermovalve
TVS - Thermal Vacuum Switch
TWC - Three Way Catalyst
TWC+OC - Three Way + Oxidation Catalytic Converter
Abbreviations Starting with the letter "V" for Vehicles
V - Valve
Vac. - Vacuum
VAF - Vane Airflow
VAPS - Variable Assist Power Steering
VCC - Viscous Converter Clutch
VCRM - Variable Control Relay Module
VIN - Vehicle Identification Number
VM - Vacuum Modulator
VOLT. - Voltage
VOM - Volt-Ohmmeter (Analog)
VRV - Vacuum Regulator Valve
VSS - Vehicle Speed Sensor
VSV - Vacuum Switching Valve
VVC - Variable Valve Control
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